Chapter 12

Question 1

Wernicke’s area

Answer 1

involved in sounding out unfamiliar words

Question 2

Broca’s area

Answer 2

speech preparation and production

Question 3

Lateral prefrontal cortex

Answer 3

language comprehension and word analysis

Question 4

Lateral and ventral temporal lobe

Answer 4

coordinate auditory and visual aspects of language

Question 5

General (Common) Interpretation Area

Answer 5

• Found in one hemisphere, usually the left

* defined region including parts of the temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes

Question 6

Visceral Association Area

Answer 6

• Located in the cortex of the insula

* Involved in conscious perception of visceral sensations

Question 7

Lateralization

Answer 7

each hemisphere has abilities not shared with its partner

Question 8

Cerebral dominance

Answer 8

designates the hemisphere dominant for language

Question 9

Left hemisphere

Answer 9

controls language, math, and logic

Question 10

Right hemisphere

Answer 10

controls visual-spatial skills, emotion, and artistic skills

Question 11

Cerebral White Matter

Answer 11

Consists of deep myelinated fibers and their tracts

Question 12

Commissures

Answer 12

connect corresponding gray areas of the two hemispheres

Question 13

Association fibers

Answer 13

connect different parts of the same hemisphere

Question 14

Projection fibers

Answer 14

enter the hemispheres from lower brain or cord centers

Question 15

Basal Nuclei

Answer 15

Masses of gray matter found deep within the cortical white matter

Question 16

corpus striatum is composed of three parts

Answer 16

• Caudate nucleus
• Lentiform nucleus – composed of the putamen and the globus pallidus
• Fibers of internal capsule running between and through caudate and lentiform nuclei

Question 17

Functions of Basal Nuclei

Answer 17

• Influence muscular activity
• Regulate attention and cognition
• Regulate intensity of slow or stereotyped movements

Question 18

Diencephalon

Answer 18

Central core of the forebrain

Question 19

Diencephalon

three paired structures

Answer 19

thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus

Question 20

Thalamus

Answer 20

Paired, egg-shaped masses that form the superolateral walls of the third ventricle

Question 21

Thalamic Function

Answer 21

Afferent impulses from all senses converge and synapse in the thalamus

Question 22

Hypothalamus

Answer 22

Located below the thalamus

Question 23

Hypothalamic Function

Answer 23

Regulates blood pressure, rate and force of heartbeat, digestive tract motility, rate and depth of breathing, and many other visceral activities

Question 24

Endocrine Functions of the Hypothalamus

Answer 24

Releasing hormones control secretion of hormones by the anterior pituitary

Question 25

Epithalamus

Answer 25

Most dorsal portion of the diencephalon; forms roof of the third ventricle

Question 26

Brain Stem | three regions

Answer 26

midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata

Question 27

Brain Stem

Answer 27

* Similar to spinal cord but contains embedded nuclei | * Controls automatic behaviors necessary for survival

Question 28

Midbrain Location

Answer 28

Located between the diencephalon and the pons

Question 29

Midbrain Structures

Answer 29

Cerebral peduncles Cerebral aqueduct Various nuclei

Question 30

Midbrain Nuclei

Answer 30

Nuclei that control cranial nerves III (oculomotor) and IV (trochlear)

Question 31

Corpora quadrigemina

Answer 31

four domelike protrusions of the dorsal midbrain

Question 32

Superior colliculi

Answer 32

visual reflex centers

Question 33

Inferior colliculi

Answer 33

auditory relay centers

Question 34

Substantia nigra

Answer 34

functionally linked to basal nuclei

Question 35

Red nucleus

Answer 35

largest nucleus of the reticular formation; red nuclei are relay nuclei for some descending motor pathways

Question 36

Pons

Answer 36

Bulging brainstem region between the midbrain and the medulla oblongata

Question 37

Pons Cont.

Answer 37

Origin of cranial nerves V (trigeminal), VI (abducens), and VII (facial)

Question 38

Medulla Oblongata

Answer 38

Most inferior part of the brain stem

Question 39

Inferior olivary nuclei

Answer 39

gray matter that relays sensory information

Question 40

Vestibular nuclear complex

Answer 40

synapses that mediate and maintain equilibrium

Question 41

Cardiovascular control center

Answer 41

adjusts force and rate of heart contraction

Question 42

Respiratory centers

Answer 42

control rate and depth of breathing

Question 43

The Cerebellum

Answer 43

* Located dorsal to the pons and medulla | * Makes up 11% of the brain’s mass

Question 44

Anatomy of the Cerebellum

Answer 44

Two bilaterally symmetrical hemispheres connected medially by the vermis

Question 45

Each hemisphere has three lobes | names?

Answer 45

anterior, posterior, and flocculonodular

Question 46

Cerebellar Cognitive Function

Answer 46

* Plays a role in language and problem solving | * Recognizes and predicts sequences of events