Chapter 12: EATING

Question 1

What does the short-term reservoir store?

Answer 1

carbohydrates

Question 2

What does the long-term reservoir store?

Answer 2

fats

Question 3

glycogen?

Answer 3

• polysaccharide often referred to as animal starch
• constitues short-term store of nutrients
• in liver and muscles

Question 4

Cells in the liver and muscles convert glucose into glycogen. How are they stimulated to do so?

Answer 4

by the presence of insulin

Question 5

What is insulin?

Answer 5

• pancreatic hormone facilitates:
• entry of glucose and amino acid into cells
• conversion of glucose into glycogen
• transport of fats into adipose tissue

Question 6

What is glucagon?

Answer 6

• pancreatic hormone

- promotes conversion of liver glycogen into glucose

Question 7

What is the carbohydrate (short-term) reservoir in the liver primarily reserved for?

Answer 7

The CNS

Question 8

What does LT reservoir consist of ?

Answer 8

adipose (fat) tissue

Question 9

What is LT reservoir filled with?

Answer 9

triglycerides

Question 10

What are triglycerides?

Answer 10

• the form of fat storage in adipose cells

- contain glycerol combined with three fatty acids (stearic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid))

Question 11

What is the difference between a person who is obese and a person who is not determined by?

Answer 11

• size of fat cells contained in adipose tissue

- size of fat cells determined by amount of triglycerides they contain

Question 12

glycerol?

Answer 12

• also called glycerine
• derived from breakdown of triglycerides (along with fatty acids)
• converted by liver into glucose which then goes to the brain

Question 13

fatty acid?

Answer 13

• derived from breakdown of triglycerides (with glycerol)

- metabolized by all cells of body except brain

Question 14

Fasting phase?

Answer 14

• nutrients are not available from digestive system

- glucose, amino acids and fatty acids are derived from glycogen, protein, and adipose tissue during this phase

Question 15

absorptive phase?

Answer 15

• nutrients are absorbed from digestive system
• glucose and amino acids=principal source of energy for cells during this phase
• excess nutrients stored in adipose tissue=triglycerides