Central nervous system (CNS)
brain and spinal cord
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
nerves and ganglia
sensory
afferent (cause)
motor (effect)
efferent
Ependymal cells
line internal cavities of brain; secrete and circulate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Astrocytes
-most abundant type; wide variety of functions
- formation of blood-brain barrier; adjust blood flow; supply neurons with lactate for energy
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PNS Conditions
-Nerve Damage
Sjogrens
Lupus
Guillarn-Barre
CIDP (Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy)
CNS Conditions:
- Neurological disorder affects Brain and spine function
Myelopathy
Tourette’s
Huntington’s
Cerebral Palsy
Multiple sclerosis (MS)
-Deterioration of Oligodendrocytes and myelin sheaths in CNS
-Myelin replaced by hard scar tissue
-Nerve conduction disruption (double vision, tremors, numbness, speech defects)
-Onset between 20 and 40 and fatal from 25 to 30 years after diagnosis
-Cause may be autoimmune triggered by virus
Bipolar neuron
olfactory cells, some neurons of retina, sensory neurons of ear
Multipolar neuron
one axon and multiple dendrites; most common type in body, most neurons in CNS
Anaxonic neuron
found in brain, retina, and adrenal gland
Unipolar neuron
Location: Spinal and Cranial Nerve ganglia
immediate memory
reading ability, few seconds
short term memory
-lasts from seconds to a few hours
-Includes working memory for taking action
Long-term memory (LTM)
lasts up to a lifetime and can hold more information than short term memory
-explicit and explicit
Long-term depression
low-frequency stimulation of a synapse results in low levels of intracellular Ca+
Alzheimer Disease
Parkinson Disease
-Progressive loss of motor function due to degeneration of dopamine-releasing neurons
-Involuntary muscle contractions
Pill-rolling motion, facial rigidity, slurred speech
-Illegible handwriting, slow gait
