Chapter 12: The Cell Cycle

Question 1

Cell division

Answer 1

cellular reproduction

Question 2

Cell cycle

Answer 2

the life of a cell from formation to duplication

Question 3

Gametes

Answer 3

eggs and sperm

Question 4

Zygote

Answer 4

a fertilized egg

Question 5

Multicellular embryo

Answer 5

what is produced when the zygote divides

Question 6

Why do cells divide?

Answer 6

1. Development
2. Growth
3. Repair
4. Replacement

Question 7

Genome

Answer 7

all of the DNA in a cell

Question 8

How many chromosomes are in most human cells?

Answer 8

46 chromosomes (23 pairs)

Question 9

DNA + Histones = ?

Answer 9

Chromatin

Question 10

Sister chromatids

Answer 10

identical DNA strands in a duplicated chromosome

Question 11

Centromere

Answer 11

Where sister chromatids are joined

Question 12

M phase

Answer 12

cell division

Question 13

Interphase

Answer 13

Gap phases and synthesis phase

Question 14

What is the goal of mitosis?

Answer 14

To produce clones; to have two identical cells

Question 15

S phase

Answer 15

DNA is duplicated before mitosis begins

Question 16

Mitotic Spindle

Answer 16

microtubules align and separate sister chromatids

Question 17

What are the five phases of mitosis?

Answer 17

1. Prophase
2. Prometaphase
3. Metaphase
4. Anaphase
5. Telophase (and cytokinesis)

Question 18

Prophase

Answer 18

• Chromatin condensation

- Mitotic spindle pushes centrosomes to opposite poles

Question 19

Prometaphase

Answer 19

• Nuclear envelope breaks down

- Mitotic spindle microtubules attach to chromosomes

Question 20

Metaphase

Answer 20

Duplicated chromosomes align on the metaphase plate

Question 21

Anaphase

Answer 21

• Centromeres divide, sister chromatids separate

- Chromatids are pulled toward opposite poles

Question 22

Telophase

Answer 22

• Spindle microtubules push to elongate the cell
• Nuclear envelope forms around the separated chromosomes
• Chromatin begins to decondense

Question 23

Cytokinesis

Answer 23

pinches the cytoplasm in half in animal cells

Question 24

Cleavage

Answer 24

cytokinesis in animal cells

Question 25

Contractile ring

Answer 25

Actin and Myosin

Question 26

Plants have no cleavage. Instead...

Answer 26

A cell plate forms between separated chromosomes

Question 27

Binary fission

Answer 27

prokaryotic cell division

Question 28

Cell Cycle

Answer 28

coordinates all phases of a cell's life

Question 29

Checkpoints

Answer 29

monitor cell health before next phase of cycle

Question 30

Contact inhibition

Answer 30

when cells touch their neighbors, they stop dividing

Question 31

Tumor cells lack...

Answer 31

contact inhibition

Question 32

Tumor

Answer 32

cell mass that grows from a single cell

Question 33

Benign tumor

Answer 33

stays in place; does not impair normal tissue function

Question 34

Malignant tumor

Answer 34

invades tissues and impairs their function

Question 35

Metastasis

Answer 35

the spread of malignant tumor cells throughout the body