Chapter 12.1 - Stem Cells

Question 1

Stem Cells (4)

Answer 1

1. Have the ability to renew themselves for long periods of time, and escape the Hayflick limit (long-term, self-renewed)
2. Stem Cells are unspecialized, undifferentiated cells
3. They can be induced to differentiate into cells with a specialized function
4. There is no limit on replication of stem cells

Question 2

3 Types of Stem Cells

Answer 2

1. Embryonic Stem Cells
2. Adult (Somatic Stem Cells)
3. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Question 3

Hierarchy of Stem Cells

Answer 3

1. Totipotent: can give rise to embryo/placental cells plus any other in the body
2. Pluripotent: Can give rise to any cell in the body
3. Multipotent

Question 4

Embryonic Stem Cells (3)

Answer 4

1. Cells from a 5-day pre-implantation stage embryo
2. They come from inner cells of the blastocyst
3. They are PLURIPOTENT, meaning that they can develop into any cell within the body

Question 5

Adult Stem Cells (3)

Answer 5

1. Rare cells located in various tissues that have constant turnover
2. They are MULTIPOTENT, meaning that they can develop into many cells within the body but not all
3. Skeletal Muscle Adult Stem Cells also exist

Question 6

Skeletal Muscle Adult Stem Cells (Satellite Cells) DIAGRAM

Answer 6

1. Skeletal Division: produces another stem cell (self-renewal)
2. Asymmetrical Division: Produce a stem cell and precursor cell (differentiation)

Question 7

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (3) DIAGRAM

Answer 7

1. Adult, differentiated cells that have been reprogrammed to a stem cell. First done on mice in 2007
2. De-differentiation induced by infecting skin cells with a retrovirus containing stem cell master regulatory genes
3. Forces cells to express genes required for stem cell maintenance

Question 8

Uses for Stem Cell Technology in Human Health (2)

Answer 8

1. Research
   - Differentiate stem cells into the cell type you wish to study
   - Drug screening
2. Treatment
   - Stem cell therapies
   - The regenerative and repair functions of stem cells make them have enormous potential for treating diseases. Still many risks tho

Question 9

Read Chapter 20:) Like, please. It’s for your own good.

Answer 9

Okay:)