Chapter 13 - 14

Question 1

______ is the radiographic examination of the soft tissue structures of joints after the injection of contrast media.

Answer 1

Contrast arthrography

Question 2

Which type of contrast may be used for a contrast arthrography?

Answer 2

Radiopaque
Radiolucent
Or both

Question 3

Contrast is injected into _____ joints for a contrast arthrography.

Answer 3

Synovial

Question 4

What joint is most commonly used for an arthrogram?

Answer 4

Shoulder

Question 5

Pneumoarthrography uses ____ contrast.

Answer 5

Air

Question 6

For an arthrography, after contrast is injected, the radiologist manipulates the joint to

Answer 6

Distribute contrast

Question 7

A shoulder arthrography is performed to examine

Answer 7

-partial or complete tears in rotator cuff of glenoid labrum
- persistent pain or weakness
-frozen shoulder

Question 8

The common injection spot for a shoulder arthrography is

Answer 8

1/2in inferior and lateral to the Coracoid process

Question 9

For a single contrast arthrogram, approximately ___to___ mL of _______ contrast medium is injected into the shoulder.

Answer 9

10 to 12 mL
Positive

Question 10

How much contrast is used for a double contrast arthrogram?

Answer 10

3 to 4 mL of positive
10 to 12 mL of negative (air)

Question 11

What projections are most commonly used for arthrogram of shoulder?

Answer 11

AP (internal and external rotation), 30 degree AP oblique, axillary, and tangential

Question 12

Contrast arthrography of the knee by the vertical ray method requires the use of a

Answer 12

Stress device

Question 13

Is the limb placed in the stress device before or after contrast is injected?

Answer 13

After

Question 14

The horizontal ray method uses

Answer 14

Double contrast

Question 15

The horizontal ray method demonstrates

Answer 15

Lateral meniscus

Question 16

Hip arthrography is most often performed to

Answer 16

-evaluate congenital hip displacement in children
- detect loose hip prosthesis in adults
- confirm infection in adults

Question 17

What joint can be evaluated by arthrography?

Answer 17

Any

Question 18

The CNS is divided into 2 parts called

Answer 18

Brain and spinal cord

Question 19

The outer portion of the brain is called

Answer 19

Cortex

Question 20

The inner portion of the brain is

Answer 20

White matter

Question 21

The brain consists of the

Answer 21

Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Brainstem

Question 22

The Brain stem consists of the

Answer 22

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla oblongata

Question 23

The _______ is the largest part of the brain

Answer 23

Cerebrum

Question 24

The cerebrum is also known as the

Answer 24

Forebrain

Question 25

How many lobes are in the cerebrum?

Answer 25

4 (frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal)

Question 26

The stemlike portion that connects the cerebrum to the pins and cerebellum is called the

Answer 26

Midbrain

Question 27

What makes up the hindbrain?

Answer 27

Cerebellum Pons Medulla oblongata

Question 28

What divides the cerebrum into right and left hemispheres?

Answer 28

Longitudinal sulcus

Question 29

What is the large band of nerve fibers between the cerebral hemispheres

Answer 29

Corpus callosum

Question 30

What makes up the largest part of the hindbrain?

Answer 30

Cerebellum

Question 31

The cerebellum is separated from the cerebrum by a

Answer 31

Deep transverse cleft

Question 32

The ______ which forms the upper part of the hindbrain, is the bridge between the cerebrum, cerebellum, and medulla oblongata.

Answer 32

Pons

Question 33

The ______ which extends between the pons and spinal cord, forms the lower portion of the hindbrain.

Answer 33

Medulla oblongata

Question 34

The ____ is a slender, elongated structure consisting of an inner gray, cellular substance, which has a butterfly shape on the transverse section and an outer white fibrous substance

Answer 34

Spinal cord

Question 35

The spinal cord extends from the

Answer 35

Brain to the L1 - L2 space

Question 36

The spinal cord ends in a pointed extremity call the

Answer 36

Conus medullaris

Question 37

In an adult, the spinal cord is ___-___ in long and is connected to ____ pairs of spinal nerves

Answer 37

18 -20 31

Question 38

_____ refers to spinal nerves

Answer 38

Cauda equina

Question 39

The brain and spinal cord are enclosed in 3 continuous protective membranes called

Answer 39

Meninges

Question 40

The inner sheath called the _____ is highly vascular and closely adherent to the underlying brain and cord structure.

Answer 40

Pia mater

Question 41

The delicate central sheath is call the

Answer 41

Arachnoid

Question 42

Wide space between the arachnoid and pia mater

Answer 42

Subarachnoid space

Question 43

The outer most sheath called the _____ forms the fibrous covering of the brain and cord.

Answer 43

Dura mater

Question 44

The dura mater is separated from arachnoid by

Answer 44

Subdural space

Question 45

The _____ system of the brain consists of 4 irregular, fluid-containing cavities.

Answer 45

Ventricular

Question 46

The 2 upper cavities of the ventricular system are called

Answer 46

Right and left lateral ventricles

Question 47

Tissue fluid of the brain and spinal cord that surrounds and cushions the CNS

Answer 47

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Question 48

General term applied to the radiologic examination of the CNS structures in the vertebral canal

Answer 48

Myelography

Question 49

Myelopgraphy requires contrast introduction into the _____ space by spinal puncture

Answer 49

Subarachnoid

Question 50

The puncture for a myelography is made at

Answer 50

L2- L3 or L3 -L4 interspace ( may also be introduced in the thecal sac via a lateral C1-C2 puncture )

Question 51

How long is a patient held in recovery after a myelography procedure?

Answer 51

4 to 8 hours

Question 52

What is offer used instead of a myelography?

Answer 52

MRI