Chapter 13

Question 1

how are Otocephalans connected?

Answer 1

by a morphological connection between the swim bladder and the inner ear

Question 2

subdivision Otocephala

Answer 2

• swim bladder connected to the ear
• Clupeiformes, Alepocephaliformes

Question 3

superorder Ostariophysi

Answer 3

• vertebral connection to the ear, schrekstoff
• Gonorynchiformes

Question 4

series Otophysi

Answer 4

• full Weberian apparatus
• Cypriniformes, Characiformes, Gymnotiformes, Siluriformes

Question 5

order Clupeiformes

Answer 5

• otophysic swim bladder
• bony scutes along ventral edge
• important trophic link
• commercial importance
• worldwide, marine & freshwater

Question 6

otophysic swim bladder

Answer 6

air bladder extends into braincase to contact the inner ear

Question 7

family Clupidae

Answer 7

• shads
• herrings
• menhaden

Question 8

family Engraulidae

Answer 8

• anchovies
• filter feeders

Question 9

Ohio Clupidae

Answer 9

• gizzard shad
• threadfin shad
• skipjack herring
• alewife

Question 10

superorder Ostariophysi

Answer 10

• largest group of FW fishes
• protractile jaw
• breeding tubercles
• vertebral connection to ear
• alarm response

Question 11

alarm response

Answer 11

• alarm substance
• alarm reaction
• secondarily lost in some groups

Question 12

order Gonorynchiformes

Answer 12

• Asia, Africa, mostly freshwater
• 1st 3 vertebrae modified
• primitive homolog to the Weberian apparatus

Question 13

family Chanidae

Answer 13

• milkfish
• important food fish in Indo-Pacific

Question 14

series Otophysi

Answer 14

• Weberian apparatus
• pharyngeal teeth
• small bodied

Question 15

Order Cypriniformes

Answer 15

• N. America, Europe, Asia, Africa
• pharyngeal teeth
• protractile mouth
• sexual dimorphism

Question 16

family Cyprinidae

Answer 16

• old world carp
• goldfish

Question 17

family Leuciscidae

Answer 17

• N. American minnows
• shiners
• chubs

Question 18

Ohio Cyprinidae species

Answer 18

• creek chub
• steelcolor shiner
• western blacknose dace
• humpback chub
• Colorado pikeminnow

Question 19

Family Catastomidae

Answer 19

• sucker mouth
• comblike pharyngeal teeth
• N. American, 1 sp in China

Question 20

Catastomidae species

Answer 20

• highfin carpsucker
• quillback
• smallmouth buffalo

Question 21

family Cobitidae

Answer 21

• Europe & Asia
• weatherfish introduced to N. America
• subterminal mouth
• 3 pairs of barbels
• common aquarium fishes

Question 22

order Characiformes

Answer 22

• tetras, piranhas, & characins
• Mexico to S. America
• freshwater
• adipose fin
• popular aquarium fish

Question 23

order Siluriformes

Answer 23

• catfishes
• worldwide

Question 24

family Trichomycteridae

Answer 24

• several parasitic species
• miniaturization in several species
• loss of barbels & adipose fins in some

Question 25

family Siluridae

Answer 25

Wels catfish

Question 26

order Gymnotiformes

Answer 26

- electric or S. American knifefishes - SA FW - great example of convergent evolution with featherfin knifefishes

Question 27

Electrophorus electricus

Answer 27

great example of convergent evolution with eels