Chapter 13

Question 1

What is sand mining? How much international mineral extraction does it account for?

Answer 1

• harvesting sand from riverbeds
• 85%

Question 2

What is environmental communication?

Answer 2

• any communication activity that engages ecological contexts and concerns
• asserts that forms of communication and media influence perceptions of the more-than-human world and environmental problems
• oriented toward transmitting information
• the environment we experience and affect is a product of how we talk about the world

Question 3

Nature Writing

Answer 3

non fiction, fiction, or poetry that describes the natural world, more-than-human life, and human-environment relations using a literary style; emerged in the 19th century

Question 4

African Environmental Journalism

Answer 4

• focuses on urgent concerns of climate change, human population growth, resource extraction, wildlife trafficking, biodiversity decline, unsustainable forestry, freshwater pollution, and government corruption
• Oxpeckers Center for Investigative Environmental Journalism is the first journalistic contingent in South Africa dedicated to ecological issues
  Oxpeckers use geojournalism and specialize in cryptotrafficking

Question 5

Geojournalism

Answer 5

digital mapping and spatial data analysis to bear on traditional investigative approaches

Question 6

Cryptotrafficking

Answer 6

online crimes where cyberspace becomes a marketplace for the unlawful wildlife trade

Question 7

When did Environmental Journalism emerge?

Answer 7

1960s and 1970s

Question 8

What inspired the passage of the Clean Water Act in 1972

Answer 8

The Cuyahoga River fire

Question 9

Agenda Setting/Building

Answer 9

• emphasis on the impact of environmental news on public perception of an issue’s importance
• by flagging issues society should be concerned about, media can define which issues will be visible/invisible
• what to think vs what to think about

Question 10

Narrative Framing

Answer 10

• Manner in which media outlets arrange facts into cohesive stories that enhance audience understanding
• range from self serving to story serving

Question 11

Cultivation Analysis

Answer 11

• ongoing exposure to news media messages tends to result in audience agreement with the ideas those messages convey
• mainstreaming: media messaging overrides individual perspectives

Question 12

Media Engagement

Answer 12

• relies on numerical data to theorize audience interaction with environmental issues
• whether engagement is active or passive

Question 13

Climate Reporting

Answer 13

• collecting, assessing, selecting, and publishing information about climate related issues

Question 14

Citizen Environmental Journalism

Answer 14

people without professional journalism backgrounds share information on environmental incidents/issues to raise awareness

Question 15

Ecodigital Journalism

Answer 15

Environmental journalists use digital technology and online platforms that allow them to use a diverse mix of media

Question 16

Climate Beat

Answer 16

Focused, extended coverage of the people, places, creatures, communities, and social systems impacted by climate disruption