Chapter 13

Question 1

1. Auditory System
   Which of the following occurs with aging of the auditory system?

a. an increase in the absolute threshold for hearing pure tones and speech
b. a decrease in the differential threshold for discriminating sounds and speech
c. a and b
d. a, b, and c

Answer 1

a. an increase in the absolute threshold for hearing pure tones and speech

Question 2

2. Visual System
   A newborn’s level of acuity is closest to which of the following?

a. 1%, or 20/2,000
b. 5%, or 20/400
c. 20%, or 20/100

Answer 2

b. 5%, or 20/400

Question 3

3. Kinesthetic System
   There is an age-related trend to improve in localizing touches on the hands and arms over which age range?

a. infancy
b. early childhood
c. late childhood
d. early adolescence

Answer 3

b. early childhood

Question 4

4. Visual System 2
   Which of the following could help infants perceive depth?

a. retinal disparity
b. motion parallax
c. shape constancy
d. a and b
e. a and c

Answer 4

d. a and b

Question 5

5. Visual System 3
   Which of the following is true of motion perception in infants under 8 weeks of age?

a. Motion can be perceived.
b. Direction of motion can be perceived.
c. Speed of motion can be perceived, but thresholds for detection are higher than in adults.
d. a and b
e. a and c

Answer 5

e. a and c

Question 6

6. Auditory System 2
   Infants’ hearing is near adult levels, even for high-frequency sounds, by 6 months of age.

a. True
b. False

Answer 6

a. True

Question 7

7. Auditory System 3
   Newborns can hear an average nearby speaking voice.

a. True
b. False

Answer 7

a. True

Question 8

8. Kinesthetic System 2
   All older adults have decreased sensitivity to skin temperature and pain with aging.

a. True
b. False

Answer 8

b. False

Question 9

9. Kinesthetic System 3
   At birth, infants can locate touches to the face, especially around the mouth.

a. True
b. False

Answer 9

a. True

Question 10

10. Kinesthetic System 4
    The kinesthetic receptors begin functioning after birth.

a. True
b. False

Answer 10

b. False

Question 11

11. Perception
    Perception is the neural activity triggered by an environmental stimulus that activates a sensory receptor and results in nerve impulses traveling to the brain.

a. True
b. False

Answer 11

b. False

Question 12

12. Visual System 4
    Many older adults maintain their depth perception, but the number who fail depth perception tests is higher than the number of young adults who fail depth perception tests.

a. True
b. False

Answer 12

a. True

Question 13

13. Visual System 5
    By 8 to 9 years of age, children’s whole-and-part perception attains near-adult levels.

a. True
b. False

Answer 13

a. True

Question 14

14. Visual System 6
    Infants do not demonstrate size constancy until approximately 1 year of age.

a. True
b. False

Answer 14

b. False

Question 15

15. Visual System 7
    Just several days after birth, infants can perceive their mothers’ faces.

a. True
b. False

Answer 15

a. True

Question 16

16. Visual System 8
    Children learn to perceive directional extremes of spatial orientation at the same time they perceive intermediate orientations (various angles and diagonals).

a. True
b. False

Answer 16

b. False

Question 17

17. Kinesthetic System 5
    Only one-third of 6-year-olds can identify (label) the major body parts.

a. True
b. False

Answer 17

b. False

Question 18

18. Intermodal Perception
    Children find it easier to integrate two temporal stimuli than two spatial stimuli or one temporal with one spatial stimulus.

a. True
b. False

Answer 18

b. False

Question 19

19. Body Part Dominance
    The asymmetries in hand use demonstrated during infancy predict which hand will be dominant in adulthood.

a. True
b. False

Answer 19

b. False

Question 20

20. Body Part Dominance 2
    Pure dominance (i.e., having the eye, ear, hand, and foot on the same side of the body as dominant) is necessary for proper neurological organization.

a. True
b. False

Answer 20

b. False

Question 21

21. Auditory System 4
    Newborns can turn in the direction of a sound, demonstrating they perceive sound direction, but we know little about their perception of sound distance.

a. True
b. False

Answer 21

a. True

Question 22

22. Intermodal Perception 2
    When integrating visual and auditory information, children find tasks in which the auditory information is presented first and visual information second to be easier than the opposite types of tasks.

a. True
b. False

Answer 22

b. False

Question 23

23. Intermodal Perception 3
    On visual-kinesthetic perception tasks, children find the task more difficult if the information is presented first in the kinesthetic sense.

a. True
b. False

Answer 23

a. True

Question 24

24. Kinesthetic System 6
    By age 6, children can methodically explore objects with their hands, sight unseen.

a. True
b. False

Answer 24

a. True

Question 25

25. Intermodal Perception 4 Visual-kinesthetic intermodal perception in infants is probably linked to the ability to systematically manipulate objects. a. True b. False

Answer 25

a. True

Question 26

26. Auditory System 5 Older adults with poor speech discrimination often have poor sound localization. a. True b. False

Answer 26

a. True

Question 27

27. Intermodal Perception 5 Newborns move their eyes in the direction of a sound. a. True b. False

Answer 27

a. True

Question 28

28. Auditory System 6 By 12 months of age, infants can perceive changes in frequency patterns only if the length of the patterned sequence is short and simple. a. True b. False

Answer 28

b. False

Question 29

29. Auditory System 7 By 12 months of age, infants can perceive temporal patterns. a. True b. False

Answer 29

a. True

Question 30

30. Auditory System 8 Infants cannot discriminate between basic speed sounds until 2 years of age. a. True b. False

Answer 30

b. False

Question 31

31. Auditory System 9 The sound patterns to which we are exposed in infancy might be the basis for cultural preferences for certain types of music. a. True b. False

Answer 31

a. True

Question 32

32. Intermodal Perception and Aging The gradual loss of accommodative power with aging that results in difficulty seeing nearby objects (including print) clearly is called ____________.

Answer 32

Presbyopia

Question 33

33. Visual System 9 The ability to see an object of interest as distinct from the background is termed ____________.

Answer 33

Figure and Ground Perception

Question 34

34. Perception and Motor Development Theory J.J. Gibson maintained that we can understand perception only by viewing the individual and the environment as a(n) ____________.

Answer 34

Ecosystem

Question 35

35. Intermodal Perception 6 Retinal disparity helps people perceive ____________.

Answer 35

Depth

Question 36

36. Intermodal Perception 7 The ability to project the body's spatial dimensions into surrounding space and understand spatial concepts about object movement and location is termed ____________.

Answer 36

Directionality

Question 37

37. Visual System10 The ability to discriminate parts of a picture or object from the whole or to integrate parts into a whole is termed ____________.

Answer 37

Whole and Part Perception

Question 38

38. Visual System11 To help see objects as objects, we detect edges and classify them according to whether or not they are ____________.

Answer 38

Boundaries

Question 39

39. Kinesthetic System 7 The component of body awareness with which people perceive they have two distinct sides is termed ____________.

Answer 39

Laterality

Question 40

40. Intermodal Perception 8 If we present a child with an object behind a screen so it can be manipulated but not seen, and subsequently ask the child which of three seen objects was manipulated, we are observing ____________ intermodal perception.

Answer 40

Kinesthetic Visual

Question 41

44. Kinesthetic System 8 The somatosensors that play the major role in position and movement sense are the _____________, and the somatosensors that play a secondary role are the ____________.

Answer 41

Proprioception; Exteroception

Question 42

45. Kinesthetic System 9 Improvements in kinesthetic acuity continue into adolescence. a. True b. False

Answer 42

a. True

Question 43

46. Kinesthetic System10 Infants under 30 months who try to fit their bodies into spaces that are too small are making ______________.

Answer 43

Risk Assessment Error

Question 44

47. Kinesthetic System11 Some older adults experience a deterioration in both proprioceptive sensitivity and proprioceptive acuity. a. True b. False

Answer 44

a. True

Question 45

48. Auditory System10 Damage to the cochlear hair cells from exposure to loud and chronic noise can be repaired by avoiding such loud and chronic noise. a. True b. False

Answer 45

b. False

Question 46

49. Intermodal Perception11 Infants demonstrate some level of visual-auditory integration early in the first year of life. a. True b. False

Answer 46

a. True