Chapter 13

Question 1

Modern psychology’s application to educational issues can be traced to who?

Answer 1

William James

Question 2

What are the two roles of assessment in educational and training settings?

Answer 2

Formative and summative assessment

Question 3

What is summative assessment?

Answer 3

Evaluating learning at the end of a course for purposes of accreditation or evaluation

Question 4

What is formative assessment?

Answer 4

Serves an educative and evaluative purpose. Facilitates learning as well as evaluating it

Question 5

What is the role of the PISA?

Answer 5

It benchmarks different countries around the world in terms of educational achievement

Question 6

With regard to PISA, what explanations have been provided for differences between countries?

Answer 6

Level of resources dedicated to education
Degree to which students are streamed into different ability classes by local education authorities
Degree of privatisation of education
Distribution of wealth and overall level of nutrition

Question 7

What age range does the WISC-IV incorporate ?

Answer 7

6-16 years

Question 8

What is the function of the WISC-IV?

Answer 8

Identifies a child’s intellectual strengths and weaknesses, as well as diagnosing gifted was or mental retardation

Question 9

The original WISC had how many subtests?

Answer 9

12

Question 10

____ new subtests were introduced with the WISC-IV in order to boost _____

Answer 10

5; the validity

Question 11

Which 5 subtests were added to the WISC-IV?

Answer 11

Picture concepts
Letter-numbering sequencing
Matrix reasoning
Cancellation
Word reasoning

Question 12

When can a supplemental test be given?

Answer 12

When there is trouble administering a core test, such as the child refusing to do it

Question 13

Is the WISC-IV individually or group administered?

Answer 13

Individually

Question 14

Which abilities does block design measure?

Answer 14

• spatial analysis
• non-verbal reasoning
• problem solving

Question 15

Which abilities does similarities measure?

Answer 15

• logical thinking
• verbal reasoning
• problem solving

Question 16

Which abilities does digit span measure?

Answer 16

• short-term auditory memory

- attention

Question 17

Which abilities does picture concepts measure?

Answer 17

• categorical abstract reasoning

Question 18

Which abilities does coding measure?

Answer 18

• Visio-motor coordination
• non-verbal learning
• non-verbal short-term memory

Question 19

Which abilities does vocabulary measure?

Answer 19

• verbal fluency

- word knowledge

Question 20

Which abilities does letter-number sequencing measure?

Answer 20

• attention
• short-term auditory memory
• processing speed

Question 21

Which abilities does matrix reasoning measure?

Answer 21

• visual processing

- spatial perception

Question 22

Which abilities does comprehension measure?

Answer 22

• common-sense knowledge
• practical judgement
• social astuteness

Question 23

Which abilities does symbol search measure?

Answer 23

• perception
• recognition
• concentration speed

Question 24

What is a key difference in scoring for the WISC-IV with regard to raw scores?

Answer 24

More points for quicker responses (in some cases)

Question 25

Why did JC Raven develop his progressive matrices?

Answer 25

He was seeking a pure measure of Spearman's g

Question 26

What is currently used as the best single measure of general intelligence?

Answer 26

Raven's progressive matrices

Question 27

What are the 3 forms of Raven's progressive matrices?

Answer 27

Coloured (children) Standard (6-adult) Advanced (higher ability populations)

Question 28

General aptitude tests provide good measures of what?

Answer 28

Fluid abilities | Problem solving and reasoning

Question 29

General achievement tests provide good measures of what?

Answer 29

Crystallised abilities | Acquired knowledge and learning

Question 30

What does the WIAT-II measure?

Answer 30

Basic academic skills of literacy and numeracy, reading, comprehension, and written and oral expression

Question 31

How many subtests is the WIAT-II composed of?

Answer 31

9

Question 32

How are results scored in the WiAT-II?

Answer 32

Raw scores on each subtest are converted to standard scores, summed and converted into the relevant composite standard score. A total score is also provided, based on the sum of the standard scores of all subtests

Question 33

What are the subtests of the WIAT-II?

Answer 33

Word reading, reading comprehension, pseudoword decoding, numerical operations, math reasoning, spelling, written expressions listening comprehension, oral expression

Question 34

What is the main limitation of the WIAT-II?

Answer 34

It represents only one particular wag of operationalising academic achievement

Question 35

What is the main additional source of information for admissions decisions regarding university selection?

Answer 35

Scores on aptitude tests

Question 36

What is the most popular vocational interests instrument?

Answer 36

John Holland's Self Directed Search

Question 37

The SDS is based off of which model of interests?

Answer 37

The hexagonal model

Question 38

The SDS consists of which 5 sections?

Answer 38

``` Occupational daydreams Activities Competencies Occupations Self-Estimates ```

Question 39

What are Holland's 6 personality types?

Answer 39

``` Realistic Investigative Artistic Social Enterprising Conventional ```

Question 40

Define the realistic personality type

Answer 40

Down-to-earth attitude, tend to be fairly materialistic, and value tangible attributes such as money, power and status E.g. Farming, mining, construction, and transport occupations

Question 41

Define the investigative personality type

Answer 41

Analysing and solving problems, theorising and dealing with abstract concepts E.g. Science, engineering

Question 42

Define the artistic personality type

Answer 42

Value creativity and have a need to express themselves in creative and artistic ways E.g. Fashion, music, media

Question 43

Define the social personality type

Answer 43

Enjoy interacting with others, especially in an educational or welfare role, heightened sense of ethics and social responsibility E.g. Teaching, counselling, helping professions

Question 44

Define the enterprising personality type

Answer 44

Strong business orientation, sales and management, leadership E.g. Politics and economical power

Question 45

Define the conventional personality type

Answer 45

Reasonably business oriented, but more inclined toward administrative rather than leadership positions E.g. Accounting, secretarial, administrative and clerical occupations

Question 46

The hexagonal model has been a major source of ____ evidence

Answer 46

Construct validity

Question 47

What was Holland's key prediction with regard to job interest?

Answer 47

That maximum job satisfaction will arise when person and environmental codes closely match

Question 48

What is deemed the grandparent of all interest inventories?

Answer 48

The Strong Vocational Interest Inventory

Question 49

What is a major difference between the SDS and SVII?

Answer 49

The use of extensive norms in the SVII, and each examinee's pattern of scores is compared with patterns obtained by satisfied incumbents in over 200 occupations

Question 50

What objection did Tracey and Rounds make with regard to Holland's hexagonal theory?

Answer 50

They believe that the space of vocational interests is actually circular