Chapter 13 (Hand)

Question 1

What bones is the hand composed of?

Answer 1

• Thumb -Fingers

- Metacarpals - Phalanges

Question 2

What are the 3 joints of the thumb?

Answer 2

• Carpometacarpal (CMC)
• Metacarpophalangeal (MCP)
• Interphalangeal (IP)

Question 3

What are the motions of the thumb?

Answer 3

• Extension -Flexion
• Opposition - Adduction
• Abduction

Question 4

Name the digits (fingers) (2-5)

Answer 4

2nd = Index          3rd= middle
4th= ring               5th= little finger

Question 5

What are the 4 joints of the hand?

Answer 5

1. Carpometacarpal
2. Metacarpophalangeal
3. Proximal interphalangeal
4. Distal interphalangeal

Question 6

Describe the carpometacarpal joint

Answer 6

• Nonaxial plane
• No motion
• Digits 2-5

Question 7

Describe the metacarpophalamgeal joint

Answer 7

• Biaxial (moves in 2 planes)
• Knuckles
• flexion, extension (sag. plane)
• Abduction (frontal plane)

Question 8

Describe the interphalangeal joint (proximal +distal)

Answer 8

• two interphalangeal joints in fingers (2-5)
• Uniaxial, hinge joint
• Flexion, extension

Question 9

How many phalanges does the thumb and fingers each have?

Answer 9

thumb = 2 phalanges 
fingers= 3 phalanges

Question 10

What are some of the most common ligaments/structures of the hand?

Answer 10

• Flexor Retinaculum
• Palmer carapal ligament
• Transverse carpal ligamnets
• Extensor retinaculum
• Extensor retinaculum ligaments

Question 11

-This ligament a fibrous band that spans over the anterior wrist. -Has 2 parts: palmar carpal/transverse carpal ligament.

Answer 11

Flexor Retinaculum

Question 12

This ligament is usually cut to get rid of carpal tunnel syndrome

Answer 12

Transverse carpal ligament

Question 13

This ligament a fibrous band transversing the wrist on the posterior side. -Holds the extensor tendons to the wrist.

Answer 13

Extensor retinaculum ligament

Question 14

Why are there acrhes in the hand?

Answer 14

Due to how the bones sit, the functional movement, and ability of thumb opposition.

Question 15

Extrinsic

Answer 15

• Proximal attachment proximal to the wrist
• Assistive role in wrist function
• Primary func. at thumb or fingers

Question 16

O= Outside the wrist 
I= Inside the hand 
Role= Move fingers

Answer 16

Extrinsic

Question 17

Intrinsic

Answer 17

• Proximal attachment at or distal to the carpal bones
• For fine motor control. precision movement of the hand
• Functions at thumb or fingers
• Thenar, hypothenar

Question 18

O+I = Inside the hand

Answer 18

Intrinsic

Question 19

Name some extrinsic anterior muscles

Answer 19

• Flexor digitorum superficialis
• Flexor digitorum profundus
• Flexor pollicis longus

Question 20

Name some extrinsic posterior muscles

Answer 20

• Extensor digitorum
• Extensor digiti minimi
• Extensor indicis
• Abductor pollicis longus
• Extensor pollicis longus
• Extensor pollicis brevis

Question 21

What is the origin, insertion and action of the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle?

Answer 21

O= medial epicondyle of humerus 
I= middle phalanx 2-5 
A= MCP/PIP joint flexion, assists with wrist flexion

Question 22

What is the origin, insertion and action of the flexor digitorum profundus muscle?

Answer 22

O= Ulna 
I= Distal phalanx 2-5 
A= Flexes all 3 finger joints (MCP, PIP, DIP)

Question 23

What is the origin, insertion and action of the extensor digitorum muscle?

Answer 23

O= Lateral epicondyle of humerus 
I= Distal phalanx 2-5 
A= Extends all 3 finger joints (MCP, PIP, DIP)

Question 24

What is the origin, insertion and action of the extensor indicis muscle?

Answer 24

O= Ulna 
I= Distal phalanx of 2nd finger 
A= Extends all 3 joints  of 2nd finger(MCP, PIP, DIP)

Question 25

What is the origin, insertion and action of the extensor digiti minimi muscles?

Answer 25

``` O= Lateral epicondyle of humerus I= distal phalanx 5th finger A= Extends all 3 joints of 5th finger (MCP, PIP, DIP) ```

Question 26

What is a common latin term for thumb?

Answer 26

Pollicis

Question 27

What are some extrinsic thumb muscles?

Answer 27

- Flexor pollicis longus - Abductor pollicis longus - Extensor pollicis longus - Extensor pollicis brevis

Question 28

What is the origin, insertion and action of the flexor pollicis longus muscle?

Answer 28

``` O= radius I= Distal phalanx thumb A= Flexes all 3 joints of thumb (CMC, MCP, IP) ```

Question 29

What is the origin, insertion and action of the abductor pollicis longus muscle?

Answer 29

``` O= Radius I= 1st metacarpal A= Abducts thumb (CMC) ```

Question 30

What is the origin, insertion and action of the extensor pollicis brevis muscle?

Answer 30

``` O= Radius I= Thumb A= Extends CMC, MCP joints of thumb ```

Question 31

What is the origin, insertion and action of the extensor pollicis longus muscle?

Answer 31

``` O= Ulna I= Thumb A= Extends all 3 joints of the thumb (CMC, MCP, IP) ```

Question 32

What are the 2 intrinsic muscles of the hand?

Answer 32

1. Thenar | 2. Hypothenar

Question 33

Chunk of tissue at the base of the thumb (moves thumb)

Answer 33

Thenar

Question 34

Bulk of tissue on the ulnar side of hand

Answer 34

Hypothenar

Question 35

What are 2 types of grasps?

Answer 35

1. Power grips | 2. Precision grips

Question 36

This type of grasp is used when objects need to be held forcefully while being moved. Whole hand grasp.

Answer 36

Power grip

Question 37

This type of grasp is used when an object needs to be manipulated. Finer type of movement. Uses the thumb and finger tips.

Answer 37

Precision grip

Question 38

What type of grasp is used to hold a hammer or using a door knob?

Answer 38

Power grip

Question 39

What type of grasp is used to hold a pen or thread a needle?

Answer 39

Precision grip

Question 40

Power Grip: Cyclindrical grip

Answer 40

- All fingers flexed around a object | - Ex. Holding a hammer, racquet, bottle, wheelbarrow

Question 41

Power Grip: Spherical grip

Answer 41

- All fingers and thumb adducted around an object - Fingers spread apart, palm not involved - Ex. Picking up a glass by its top, holding an apple or doorknob

Question 42

Power Grip: Hook grip

Answer 42

- 2nd-5th fingers flexed around an object in a hooklike manner - Thumb not usually involved - Ex. Holding onto a handle like a suitcase, wagon, bucket

Question 43

Precision Grip: Pad-to-pad ---> Pinch grip

Answer 43

- MCP and PIP joints/fingers flexed | - Thumb and index finger

Question 44

Precision Grip: Pad-to-pad---> Three-jaw chuck

Answer 44

- Involves thumb, index, middle fingers | - Ex. Holding a pen

Question 45

Precision Grip: Pad-to-side --> Lateral Prehension

Answer 45

- Thumb pressed up on side of the index finger | - Ex. Holding a key

Question 46

Precision Grip: Side-to-side

Answer 46

- Similar to pad-to-side grip - Req. adduction of 2 fingers (index or middle) - Weak grip - Ex. Holding a cigarette or pencil