BI 232 > Chapter 13 (Lecture) > Flashcards

Chapter 13 (Lecture) Flashcards

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1
Q

A patient has suffered a cerebral hemorrhage damaging the right precentral gyrus. What deficit would result?

(a) Loss of sensation on the left side of the body
(b) Loss of sensation on the right side of the body
(c) Loss of voluntary motor control on the left side of the body
(d) Loss of voluntary motor control on the right side of the body

A

(c) Loss of voluntary motor control on the left side of the body

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2
Q

Which of the following structures is composed primarily of gray matter?

(a) Corpus callosum
(b) Corona radiata
(c) Medial lemniscus
(d) Cerebral cortex

A

(d) Cerebral cortex

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3
Q

Which ascending pathway statement is false regarding the dorsal column–medial lemniscal system?

(a) It includes fasciculus gracilis and fasciculus cuneatus
(b) It utilizes a three-neuron chain
(c) Its connections are diffuse and poorly localized
(d) It conveys precise modalities such as fine touch and vibration

A

(c) Its connections are diffuse and poorly localized

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4
Q

Which of the following structures is composed primarily of white matter?

(a) Red nucleus
(b) Spinothalamic tract
(c) Cranial nerve nuclei
(d) Medial and lateral thalamic nuclei

A

(b) Spinothalamic tract

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5
Q

The advantage of a highly convoluted cerebral cortex is that it increases:

(a) Depth of cortical nuclei
(b) Skull thickness
(c) Surface area for neurons
(d) Density of cerebrospinal fluid

A

(c) Surface area for neurons

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6
Q

The grooves on the surface of the cerebrum are called:
(a) Gyri
(b) Sulci
(c) Fissures
(d) Folia

A

(b) Sulci

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7
Q

The outward folds of the cerebral cortex are called:

(a) Sulci
(b) Gyri
(c) Fissures
(d) Peduncles

A

(b) Gyri

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8
Q

The parietal lobe is separated from the temporal lobe by the:

(a) Lateral sulcus
(b) Central sulcus
(c) Longitudinal fissure
(d) Occipito-temporal sulcus

A

(a) Lateral sulcus

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8
Q

Which structure divides the cerebrum into right and left hemispheres?

(a) Central sulcus
(b) Longitudinal fissure
(c) Lateral fissure
(d) Parieto-occipital sulcus

A

(b) Longitudinal fissure

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9
Q

The parietal lobe is separated from the frontal lobe by the:

(a) Longitudinal fissure
(b) Central sulcus
(c) Lateral sulcus
(d) Parieto-occipital sulcus

A

(b) Central sulcus

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10
Q

Which cerebral hemisphere is dominant for drawing and spatial visualization in most individuals?

(a) Right hemisphere
(b) Left hemisphere
(c) Both equally
(d) Neither; cerebellum dominates this function

A

(a) Right hemisphere

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11
Q

The cerebellum is physically attached to the brain stem by:

(a) Olfactory tracts
(b) Two cerebral peduncles
(c) Three paired cerebellar peduncles
(d) Commissural fibers

A

(c) Three paired cerebellar peduncles

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12
Q

The precentral gyrus contains the

(a) primary somatosensory cortex
(b) primary motor cortex
(c) visual cortex
(d) auditory cortex

A

(b) primary motor cortex

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13
Q

The postcentral gyrus is responsible for

(a) planning motor output
(b) language comprehension
(c) receiving somatic sensory input
(d) regulating body temperature

A

(c) receiving somatic sensory input

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14
Q

The meninges layer directly adhering to the surface of the brain is the

(a) dura mater
(b) arachnoid mater
(c) pia mater
(d) choroid plexus

A

(c) pia mater

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15
Q

The reticular activating system (RAS) plays a major role in

(a) visual processing
(b) equilibrium and balance
(c) maintaining consciousness and arousal
(d) endocrine secretion

A

(c) maintaining consciousness and arousal

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15
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid is primarily produced by the

(a) dura mater
(b) choroid plexuses
(c) arachnoid villi
(d) pineal gland

A

(b) choroid plexuses

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16
Q

Arachnoid villi are responsible for

(a) producing CSF
(b) circulating CSF through ventricles
(c) reabsorbing CSF into venous blood
(d) forming the blood brain barrier

A

(c) reabsorbing CSF into venous blood

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17
Q

Which of the following is not a protective mechanism of the CNS?

(a) Bone
(b) Meninges
(c) Cerebrospinal fluid
(d) Smooth muscle

A

(d) Smooth muscle

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18
Q

The blood brain barrier is formed mainly by

(a) fenestrated capillaries
(b) astrocyte end-feet and tight junctions
(c) arachnoid trabeculae
(d) ependymal cilia

A

(b) astrocyte end-feet and tight junctions

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19
Q

Damage to the dorsal column-medial lemniscal pathway would impair

(a) pain and temperature sensation
(b) reflexive withdrawal from pain
(c) fine touch, vibration, and proprioception
(d) motor control of skeletal muscle

A

(c) fine touch, vibration, and proprioception

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20
Q

Pain and temperature sensations are primarily carried by the

(a) corticospinal tract
(b) spinocerebellar tract
(c) spinothalamic tract
(d) dorsal columns

A

(c) spinothalamic tract

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21
Q

White matter consists primarily of
(a) neuron cell bodies
(b) dendritic fields
(c) myelinated axons
(d) astrocytes

A

(c) myelinated axons

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22
Q

The lateral sulcus separates the

(a) temporal from parietal and frontal lobes
(b) frontal from parietal lobes
(c) cerebellum from occipital lobe
(d) cortex from thalamus

A

(a) temporal from parietal and frontal lobes

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23
Gray matter consists primarily of (a) myelinated axons (b) neuron cell bodies and unmyelinated fibers (c) CSF-filled cavities (d) endothelial sheaths
(b) neuron cell bodies and unmyelinated fibers
24
The central sulcus separates the (a) frontal and parietal lobes (b) occipital and parietal lobes (c) temporal and parietal lobes (d) frontal and temporal lobes
(a) frontal and parietal lobes
24
The cerebellum communicates with the brain stem via the (a) superior, middle, and inferior peduncles (b) commissural fibers (c) pyramidal decussation (d) lateral ventricles
(a) superior, middle, and inferior peduncles
25
Commissural fibers connect (a) the cerebellum to the brain stem (b) neurons within the same hemisphere (c) the cerebral hemispheres to each other (d) the cortex to lower centers
(c) the cerebral hemispheres to each other
26
Association fibers connect (a) the motor cortex to the spinal cord (b) corresponding areas between hemispheres (c) sensory receptors to the cerebellum (d) different areas within the same hemisphere
(d) different areas within the same hemisphere
27
Projection fibers (a) connect cerebral hemispheres (b) run between cortex and lower CNS centers (c) form the corpus callosum exclusively (d) form the longitudinal fissure
(b) run between cortex and lower CNS centers
28
The corpus callosum is composed of (a) association fibers (b) commissural fibers (c) projection fibers (d) somatic motor fibers
(b) commissural fibers
29
The primary somatosensory cortex is located in the (a) precentral gyrus (b) postcentral gyrus (c) superior temporal gyrus (d) insula
(b) postcentral gyrus
30
The pyramidal decussation occurs in the (a) pons (b) midbrain (c) medulla oblongata (d) cerebellum
(c) medulla oblongata
31
The basal nuclei are located in the (a) cerebrum (b) cerebellum (c) brainstem (d) thalamus
(a) cerebrum
32
Broca’s area is primarily involved in (a) speech comprehension (b) speech production (c) hearing (d) smell perception
(b) speech production
33
Wernicke’s area is responsible for (a) motor speech programming (b) language comprehension (c) control of writing muscles (d) equilibrium
(b) language comprehension
34
Injury to Wernicke’s area results in (a) nonfluent aphasia (b) receptive aphasia (c) loss of olfaction (d) contralateral paralysis
(b) receptive aphasia
35
The thalamus serves as (a) the autonomic control center (b) the relay station for sensory input (c) the site of CSF production (d) the site of voluntary motor initiation
(b) the relay station for sensory input
36
The hypothalamus regulates all of the following except (a) temperature (b) hunger (c) water balance (d) fine motor control
(d) fine motor control
37
The epithalamus contains the (a) pineal gland (b) amygdala (c) hippocampus (d) pituitary gland
(a) pineal gland
38
The limbic system is involved primarily in (a) equilibrium and posture (b) vision and hearing (c) emotions and memory (d) language and writing
(c) emotions and memory
39
The cerebellum refines motor output by comparing (a) sensory and motor input (b) cerebral and spinal input (c) metabolic and endocrine signals (d) auditory and visual signals
(a) sensory and motor input
40
The arbor vitae refers to the (a) branching tracts in the cerebellum (b) fissures of the cortex (c) nuclei of the brainstem (d) sensory tracts of the spinal cord
(a) branching tracts in the cerebellum
41
The midbrain contains the (a) red nucleus and substantia nigra (b) pyramids and olives (c) pons nuclei (d) cerebellar peduncles only
(a) red nucleus and substantia nigra
42
The pons primarily functions to (a) connect cerebrum to spinal cord (b) relay information to cerebellum (c) regulate hunger and thirst (d) process smell
(b) relay information to cerebellum
43
The medulla contains vital centers for (a) sleep and memory (b) balance and auditory processing (c) heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure (d) language and speech
(c) heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure
44
The dorsal horns of the spinal cord contain (a) sensory neurons (b) motor neurons (c) sympathetic neurons only (d) parasympathetic neurons only
(a) sensory neurons
45
The ventral horns of the spinal cord contain (a) cell bodies of somatic motor neurons (b) sensory neuron cell bodies (c) interneurons only (d) autonomic ganglia
(a) cell bodies of somatic motor neurons
46
The lateral horns are present mainly in the (a) cervical region (b) thoracic region (c) lumbar enlargement (d) sacral region only
(b) thoracic region
47
The dorsal root ganglia contain (a) somatic motor neuron cell bodies (b) sensory neuron cell bodies (c) interneuron cell bodies (d) autonomic motor neurons
(b) sensory neuron cell bodies
48
The ventral roots carry (a) pure sensory fibers (b) pure motor fibers (c) mixed sensory and motor fibers (d) autonomic sensory fibers
(b) pure motor fibers
49
The dorsal roots carry (a) sensory fibers (b) motor fibers (c) visceral motor fibers (d) mixed fibers
(a) sensory fibers
50
A spinal nerve is classified as (a) sensory (b) motor (c) mixed (d) autonomic
(c) mixed
51
The spinocerebellar tracts carry (a) pain and temperature (b) auditory input (c) unconscious proprioception (d) fine touch
(c) unconscious proprioception
52
The corticospinal tracts primarily control (a) voluntary motor movements (b) pain perception (c) auditory startle reflexes (d) hormonal output
(a) voluntary motor movements
53
Decussation of most corticospinal fibers occurs in the (a) midbrain (b) pons (c) medulla (d) thalamus
(c) medulla
54
The fasciculus gracilis carries information from the (a) upper limbs (b) lower limbs (c) head and neck (d) visceral organs
(b) lower limbs
55
The fasciculus cuneatus carries information from the (a) lower limbs (b) upper limbs (c) abdominal viscera (d) auditory nuclei
(b) upper limbs
56
Sensory pathways typically consist of (a) one neuron (b) two neurons (c) three neurons (d) four neurons
(c) three neurons
57
First-order neurons in sensory pathways have their cell bodies in the (a) ventral horn (b) dorsal root ganglia (c) thalamus (d) cortex
(b) dorsal root ganglia
58
Second-order neurons synapse onto third-order neurons in the (a) thalamus (b) dorsal root ganglion (c) cerebellum (d) motor cortex
(a) thalamus
59
Projection of sensory input to the correct cortical region is called (a) perception (b) magnitude coding (c) projection (d) discrimination
(c) projection
60
The sensory modality of pain is primarily detected by (a) mechanoreceptors (b) nociceptors (c) proprioceptors (d) chemoreceptors
(b) nociceptors
61
Adaptation refers to (a) reflex inhibition (b) decreased sensitivity to a constant stimulus (c) increased threshold of neurons (d) damage to sensory neurons
(b) decreased sensitivity to a constant stimulus
62
Receptor potentials occur in (a) sensory neuron dendritic endings (b) separate receptor cells (c) glial cells only (d) interneuron synapses
(b) separate receptor cells
63
The space between the arachnoid mater and pia mater is called the (a) epidural space (b) subarachnoid space (c) subdural space (d) meningeal sinus
(b) subarachnoid space
64
CSF is reabsorbed into the venous circulation through (a) arachnoid villi (b) choroid plexuses (c) pineal sinuses (d) dural tracts
(a) arachnoid villi
65
The RAS is located primarily in the (a) basal nuclei (b) reticular formation of the brainstem (c) frontal association cortex (d) limbic system
(b) reticular formation of the brainstem
66
The blood brain barrier is least effective against (a) metabolic wastes (b) protein-bound drugs (c) water-soluble ions (d) lipid-soluble substances
(d) lipid-soluble substances
67
The brain region that filters and relays nearly all sensory input headed to the cerebral cortex is the (a) hypothalamus (b) thalamus (c) hippocampus (d) cerebellum
(b) thalamus
BI 232
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