Any process that directs the activities of individuals toward the achievement of organizational goals
Control
Govern behavior through accepted patterns of action rather than written policies and procedures
Sometimes, it is difficult to create good measures of worker behavior, so when the organizational culture, values, and beliefs are strong, organizations may utilize ______
Normative Control
The use of rules, regulations, and authority to guide performance
Bureaucratic Control
Control based on the use of pricing mechanisms and economic information to regulate activities within organizations
Market Control
Control based on the norms, values, shared goals, and trust among group members
Clan control
Expected performance for a given goal: a target that establishes a desired
performance level, motivates performance, and serves as a benchmark against which actual performance is assessed.
Standard
A managerial principle stating that control is enhanced by concentrating on the exceptions to or significant deviations from the expected result or standard
Principle of exception
At a ______ level, a process is producing fewer than 3.4 defects per million, which means it is operating at a 99.99966 percent level of accuracy.
________ companies have not only close to zero product or service defects but also substantially lower production costs and cycle times and much
higher levels of customer satisfaction.
Six sigma
- Investigates other organizations for
possible merger or acquisition. - Determines the soundness of a
company that will be used as a major supplier. - Discovers the strengths and weaknesses of a competitor to maintain
or better exploit competitive advantage
External Audit
- Assesses what the company has done
for itself - What it has done for its customers or other recipients of its goods or services
Internal Audit
