chapter 14

Question 1

acromegaly

Answer 1

condition of extremity enlargement due to excessive growth hormone in adult

Question 2

adenoma

Answer 2

tumor of glandular tissue

Question 3

aldosterone

Answer 3

mineralocorticoid, acts on kidney to assist in maintaining electrolyte imbalance

Question 4

amenorrhea

Answer 4

absence/cessation of menses

Question 5

androgens

Answer 5

hormones secreted by adrenal cortex, responsible for male characteristics

Question 6

cortisol

Answer 6

hydrocortisone - steroid hormone secreted by adrenal cortex, important for carbohydrate metabolism

Question 7

cortisone

Answer 7

glucocorticoid - affects carbohydrate metabolism, influences nutrition and growth of connective tissues

Question 8

cretinism

Answer 8

congenital hypothyroidism

Question 9

diabetic retinopathy

Answer 9

disease of eye’s retina, often resulting in blindness - caused by degeneration due to diabetes mellitus

Question 10

dwarfism

Answer 10

condition characterized by impaired growth of all body tissues - results from insufficiency of growth hormone

Question 11

estrogen

Answer 11

generic term used for any of hormones responsible for female characteristics

Question 12

exophthalmos

Answer 12

abnormal protrusion of eyeballs

Question 13

giantism

Answer 13

condition of overgrowth due to hyperpituitarism occurring before puberty and during growing years

Question 14

glucagon

Answer 14

hormone secreted by alpha cells in islets of Langerhans in pancreas, responsible for elevating blood glucose concentration

Question 15

glucocorticoids

Answer 15

group of steroids of adrenal cortex that affects metabolism of protein, glucose, fats - causes anti-inflammatory effect

Question 16

glycogen

Answer 16

the form that extra sugar is stored in, primarily in the liver

Question 17

glycosuria

Answer 17

spilling of sugar into the urine, common symptom of diabetes mellitus

Question 18

goiter

Answer 18

noticeable protrusion of thyroid gland

Question 19

goitrogenic

Answer 19

goiter-producing in foods or drugs such as turnips, cabbage, lithium

Question 20

gonad

Answer 20

sex organ, testis or ovary

Question 21

hirsutism

Answer 21

abnormal hair on face/body of female

Question 22

hydrocortisone

Answer 22

steroid hormone secreted by adrenal cortex

Question 23

hyperglycemia

Answer 23

high blood sugar level

Question 24

hypoglycemia

Answer 24

low blood sugar level

Question 25

insulin

Answer 25

hormone secreted by beta cells in islets of Langerhans in pancreas, responsible for glucose usage

Question 26

islets of Langerhans

Answer 26

specialized cells in pancreas that act as endocrine gland secreting hormones, primarily insulin

Question 27

ketoacidosis

Answer 27

acidosis seen in diabetes mellitus, caused by overproduction of ketone bodies

Question 28

ketones

Answer 28

waste product produced when tissue cells burn fats and proteins

Question 29

lipids

Answer 29

fats or fat-like substances

Question 30

minealocorticoids

Answer 30

one group of steroids in adrenal cortex that influences sodium and potassium metabolism

Question 31

myxedema

Answer 31

advanced hypothyroidism in an adult

Question 32

panhypopituitarism

Answer 32

condition in which secretion of all anterior pituitary hormones is inadequate/absent, caused by variety of disorders

Question 33

polydipsia

Answer 33

excessive thirst

Question 34

polyuria

Answer 34

excessive urination

Question 35

precocious

Answer 35

premature sexual development

Question 36

progesterone

Answer 36

female sex hormones produced by ovary, plays major part in menstrual cycle

Question 37

striae

Answer 37

stretch marks on skin

Question 38

thyroid storm

Answer 38

sudden life-threatening exacerbation of all symptoms of hyperthyroidism

Question 39

vasopressin

Answer 39

antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secreted by posterior portion of pituitary gland

Question 40

virilism

Answer 40

masculinization, used to describe the occurrence/presence of male characteristics in a female or prepubescent male