Chapter 14: Psychological Disorders

Question 1

Psychological disorders

Answer 1

persistently harmful thoughts, feelings, and actions (view by mental health workers)

Question 2

When behavior is deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional

Answer 2

psychiatrists and psychologists label it as disordered.

Question 3

When behavior is —, —, and —– psychiatrists and psychologists label it as disordered.

Answer 3

deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional

Question 4

behavior in one culture may be considered normal, while in others it may lead to arrest.

Answer 4

Deviant

Question 5

Situational Context

Answer 5

Social situation, behavioral setting, or general circumstances in which behavior takes place

Question 6

Cultural Relativity

Answer 6

Judgments are made relative to the values of one’s culture

Question 7

Deviant behavior must accompany

Answer 7

distress

Question 8

If a behavior is ——- it is clearly

a disorder.

Answer 8

dysfunctional

Question 9

The American Psychiatric Association rendered a

Answer 9

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) to describe psychological disorders.

Question 10

describes nearly 300 psychological disorders compared to 60 in the 1950s.

Answer 10

The DSM-IV-TR

Question 11

Insanity

Answer 11

A legal term;

refers to an inability to manage one’s affairs or to be unaware of the consequences of one’s actions

Question 12

Those judged insane (by a court of law)

Answer 12

are not held legally accountable for their actions

Question 13

Anxiety

Answer 13

Feelings of apprehension, dread, or

uneasiness

Question 14

Adjustment Disorders

Answer 14

When ongoing stressors cause emotional disturbance and push people
beyond their ability to effectively cope

Question 15

Generalized Anxiety Disorder Symptoms

Answer 15

1. Persistent and uncontrollable tenseness and
   apprehension. 2. Autonomic arousal. 3. Inability to identify or avoid the cause of
   certain feelings.

Question 16

Panic Disorder

Answer 16

Minutes-long episodes of intense dread which may include feelings of terror, chest pains, choking, shortness of breath or irregular heartbeat.

Question 17

Top 10 Fears of Men and Women Combined - 2000

Answer 17

1. Fear of snakes 2. Fear of being buried alive 3. Fear of heights 4. Fear of being bound or tied up 5. Fear of drowning 6. Fear of public speaking 7. Fear of hell 8. Fear of cancer 9. Fear of tornadoes and hurricanes 10.Fear of fire

Question 18

Top 5 Fears of Men

Answer 18

1. Fear of being buried alive 2. Fear of heights 3. Fear of snakes 4. Fear of drowning 5. Fear of public speaking

Question 19

Top 5 Fears of Women

Answer 19

1. Fear of snakes 2. Fear of being bound or
   tied up
2. Fear of being buried alive 4. Fear of heights 5. Fear of public speaking

Question 20

What Else Do We Fear

Answer 20

• Giving a speech (36%) more than meeting new people (12%)
• Embarrassing ourselves in a sport (44%) more than asking someone out for a date (35%)
• Being stranded in the ocean (62%) more than being stranded in the desert (24%)
• The IRS (57%) more than God (30%)

Question 21

What Else Do We Fear (2/2)

Answer 21

• BUT, we equally fear • Rats and dentists (58%) • Elevators and flying (52%) • Public speaking and being alone in the woods
(40%)

Question 22

Phobia

Answer 22

Marked by a persistent and irrational fear of an object or situation that disrupts behavior

Question 23

Agoraphobia

Answer 23

Phobia of open places

Question 24

Acrophobia

Answer 24

Phobia of heights

Question 25

Claustrophobia

Answer 25

Phobia of closed spaces

Question 26

Hemophobia

Answer 26

Phobia of blood

Question 27

Obsession

Answer 27

persistence of unwanted thoughts

Question 28

Examples of obsessions

Answer 28

– Concerns with dirt, germs, or toxins – Something terrible happening (fire, death or illness) – Symmetry, order or exactness

Question 29

Compulsions

Answer 29

urges to engage in senseless rituals

Question 30

Examples of compulsions

Answer 30

– Excessive hand washing, bathing, tooth brushing, or grooming – Repeating rituals (in/out of a door, up/down from a chair) – Checking doors, locks, appliances, car brake, homework

Question 31

% of the population will develop OCD

Answer 31

2-3%

Question 32

OCD more common among | ------

Answer 32

teens and young adults

Question 33

OCD tends

Answer 33

to run in families

Question 34

Exposure therapy helps

Answer 34

Patient is exposed to the situation that brings on the compulsive behavior, but is prevented from engaging in it.

Question 35

Antidepressant drugs can help

Answer 35

OCD

Question 36

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Answer 36

An anxiety disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, and/or insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after a traumatic event.

Question 37

Four or more weeks of the following symptoms constitute post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD):

Answer 37

1. Haunting memories 2. Nightmares 3. Social withdrawal 4. Jumpy anxiety 5. Sleep problems

Question 38

Antisocial Personality Disorder

Answer 38

A person who lacks a conscience, typically emotionally shallow, impulsive, selfish, and manipulative toward others • Create a good first impression and are often charming

Question 39

Antisocial Personality Disorder oftentimes called

Answer 39

psychopaths or sociopaths

Question 40

Histrionic

Answer 40

Seek a lot of attention and tend to overreact.

Question 41

Narcissistic

Answer 41

Have an unrealistic sense of self-importance, cannot take criticism, manipulate people, and lack empathy

Question 42

Borderline

Answer 42

Often emotionally unstable, impulsive, unpredictable, irritable, and anxious

Question 43

Forms of mood disorders

Answer 43

1. Major depressive disorder 2. Bipolar disorder

Question 44

Major Depressive Disorder

Answer 44

occurs when signs of depression last two weeks or more and are not caused by drugs or medical conditions

Question 45

Signs of Major Depressive Disorder

Answer 45

1. Lethargy and fatigue 2. Feelings of worthlessness 3. Loss of interest in family & friends 4. Loss of interest in activities

Question 46

Depression: Age of First Onset

Answer 46

* Seldom identified before adolescence * Diagnoses increase in early adulthood * Most commonly diagnosed in middle age * First diagnoses rare among the elderly

Question 47

Sex Differences in Depression

Answer 47

* Equally common in boys and girls during puberty | * Afterwards, women are twice as likely to experience depression as men

Question 48

Sex Diffs in Depression: Hormonal Differences

Answer 48

• Women experience more rapid hormonal changes than men do (menstrual cycles, pregnancy, childbirth and menopause)

Question 49

Sex Diffs in Depression: Coping Style Differences

Answer 49

* Men generally try to distract themselves when they are feeling depressed. * Women tend to dwell on their feelings more.

Question 50

Genetic Predisposition to Depression

Answer 50

* Probability of becoming depressed is increased if close biological relatives have/had depression. * Having adoptive relatives who have/had depression also increases that probability. * Probability is especially high if biological relatives were diagnosed with depression before age 30.

Question 51

Bipolar Disorder

Answer 51

When one’s moods alternate between extremes of mania and depression

Question 52

% of US adults diagnosed with bipolar disorder

Answer 52

about 1% | -typically begins in early 20s

Question 53

During mania,

Answer 53

person is constantly active and uninhibited | – may be very happy or very irritabl

Question 54

Depressive Symptoms

Answer 54

``` Gloomy Withdrawn Inability to make decisions Tired Slowness of thought ```

Question 55

Manic Symptoms

Answer 55

``` Elation Euphoria Desire for action Hyperactive Multiple ideas ```

Question 56

Prevalence of Disorders: Sex and Geography

Answer 56

* Women suffer more than men from anxiety and mood disorders. * Men suffer more than women from substance abuse and antisocial disorders. * Rural Americans just as likely as urbanites to suffer from disorders