three-field system
- farmers used 2/3 of land instead of 1/2
guild
Commercial Revolution
expansion of trade and business in Europe
Burghers
- demanded to govern town
vernacular
- poets used
Thomas Aquinas
scholar, argued the most basic religious truths could be proved by logical argument
scholastics
school men, Aquinas and fellow scholars, met at universities
-used knowledge of Aristotle