Chapter 15: Cooperation

Question 1

What were attitudes of Khrushchev before Cuba?

Answer 1

• peaceful coexistence
• Criticism from Mao - needed strong anti-western stance

Question 2

What were attitudes of Khrushchev after Cuba?

Answer 2

• Open to discussions about nuclear weapons
• Open to a relationship with US on mutual restraint

Question 3

What were Kennedy’s attitudes before Cuba?

Answer 3

• Criticised for being soft on communism - showed strong anti-communist policy

Question 4

What were Kennedy’s attitudes after Cuba?

Answer 4

• Showed goal of decreasing nuclear weapons
• Began negotiations to prevent further use

Question 5

What did Cuba show?

Answer 5

• How nuclear war needed to be avoided
• MAD
• Kennedy & Khrushchev foreign policy shift

Question 6

Why were negotiations left to their successors?

Answer 6

• Khrushchev ousted 1964
  Kennedy assassinated 1963

Question 7

What was the Washington - Moscow hotline?

Answer 7

• 1963
• Direct phone line for emergencies

Question 8

What was the impact of the hotline?

Answer 8

• First used 1967
• Mostly unused
• Did reduce tension when used

Question 9

When and why was the Moscow test ban treaty signed?

Answer 9

• First proposed by USSR in 50s
• Finally signed 1963
• Some unwillingness by public to soften stance x most saw threat of nuclear war and helped push it through by public pressure

Question 10

What did the test ban treaty state?

Answer 10

• Banned nuclear testing in the atmosphere and underwater

Question 11

How was the test ban treaty flawed?

Answer 11

• Did not ban underground - partial ban
• France and China refuse to sign

Question 12

What did the test ban treaty signify?

Answer 12

• 1st collective agreement
• Confirmed commitment to reducing weapons

Question 13

What was the nuclear non proliferation treaty?

Answer 13

• 1968
• Agreed not to share weapons or weapons based technology

Question 14

What did the non proliferation treaty aim to do?

Answer 14

• To prevent non-nuclear states forming alliances with nuclear states

Question 15

Who signed it and when?

Answer 15

• Most UN countries 1968 - 70
• China and France 1992

Question 16

How did US arms technology develop?

Answer 16

• 1960s - ICBMs and submarine missiles
• MIRVS

Question 17

How did USSR nuclear technology develop?

Answer 17

• ABMs - made ineffective by MIRVs

Question 18

What were reasons that discussions continued?

Answer 18

• Public concern about nuclear war
• Pressure from other countries about wider impact of detonations
• Increasing costs of arms race diverting funds from domestic concerns

Question 19

What were US specific reasons for limiting the arms race?

Answer 19

• Weakened (esp economically) by Vietnam war

Question 20

What were USSR reasons for negotiations?

Answer 20

• Wanted increased relations with US due to deteriorating sino-soviet relations