Chapter 15: Metabolism: Basic Concepts and Design (Test 2)

Question 1

What do chemotrophs do?

Answer 1

• Obtain energy through the oxidation of carbon fuels

Question 2

What are the products that pyruvate can form?

Answer 2

• Lactate (structure) via anaerobic respiration

- Acetyl CoA (structure) via aerobic respiration

Question 3

What is metabolism?

Answer 3

• A series of linked reactions that converts a specific reactant into a specific product

Question 4

What is the name of the entire set of metabolic reactions?

Answer 4

• Intermediary metabolism

Question 5

What are the two pathways of metabolism?

Answer 5

• Catabolic pathways

- Anabolic pathways

Question 6

What are catabolic pathways?

Answer 6

• Combust carbon fuels to synthesize ATP

Question 7

What are anabolic pathways?

Answer 7

• Uses ATP and reducing power to synthesize large biomlecules

Question 8

How can a thermodynamically unfavorable reaction be made to occur?

Answer 8

• By coupling it with a more favorable reacton

Question 9

The hydrolysis of ATP is exergonic or endergonic?

Answer 9

• Exergonic

Question 10

What are the two criteria for metabolic pathways?

Answer 10

• The individual reactions must be specific

- The pathway in total must be thermodynamically favorable

Question 11

What are the 3 factors that cause ATP to have a high potential?

Answer 11

• Charge repulsion
• Resonance stabilization
• Stabilization by hydration

Question 12

What can regenerate ATP from ADP?

Answer 12

• Creatine phosphate

Question 13

What is ATP used for?

Answer 13

• Oxidation of fuel molecules

- Photosynthesis

Question 14

What is ADP used for?

Answer 14

• Motion
• Active transport
• Biosynthesis
• Signal amplification

Question 15

What is the ultimate electron acceptor?

Answer 15

• Water

Question 16

What is more efficient than glucose?

Answer 16

• Fats are a more efficient food source because they are more reduced

Question 17

The more (oxidized or reduced) a carbon atom is, the more free energy is released upon oxidation

Answer 17

• Reduced

Question 18

• Activated carriers are often derived from?

Answer 18

• Vitamins

Question 19

What is the difference between NAD+ and NADP+?

Answer 19

• NAD+ is used in catabolic rxns

- NADP+ is used in anabolic rxns and has the 2’ hydroxyl phosphorylated

Question 20

CoA mainly activates?

Answer 20

• Carboxyl groups

Question 21

What is a simple metabolite?

Answer 21

• Acetyl CoA (know structure)

Question 22

What do kinases do?

Answer 22

• They phosphorylate

Question 23

How can the quantity of enzymes be controlled?

Answer 23

• Regulation can be controlled at gene expression

Question 24

How is catalytic activity regulated?

Answer 24

• Allosterically

- Covalent modification