Chapter 15- Unit 4

Question 1

2. Describe three differences between operant responses and respondent responses (positive reinforcement only) and respondent conditioning.

Answer 1

Operant conditioning:

• controlled by consequences
• referred to as voluntary behaviour
• is said to be emitted by an individual

Respondent conditioning:

• automatic responses to prior stimuli
• referred to as reflexive or involuntary
• is said to be elicitited by prior stimuli

Question 2

3. Describe he conditioning procedures and the results if conditioning for operant conditioning

Answer 2

operant conditioning
- conditioning procedure
-in the or sense of a stimulus
a response is followed by a reinforcer
- results if conditioning
- eep bae is more likely to occur improper stimulus, or called an SD
respondent conditioning
- conditioning prcedure
- pairing of a neutral stimulus with an eliciting stimulus prior to a response
- results of conditioning
- response is more likely to occur to the neutral stimulus, now called a CS

Question 3

4. Describe the extinction procedure and the results of extinction for operant conditioning and respondent conditioning

Answer 3

• operant conditioning
• extinction procedure
• a response is no longer followers by a reinforcer
• results of extinction
• response is less likely to occur to the former SD
• respondent conditioning
• extinction prcedure
• the CS is no longer paired with US
  Results if extinction
• the CS loses the ability elicit the CR

Question 4

11. Describe the procedures that are major causes for school if the emotions of joy, anger, anxiety and relief.

Answer 4

• presentation of the riders produces the emotion called joy. (Like getting an A+ on an exam, receiving a compliment, or cashing your pay check )
• withholding it withdrawing reinforcers produces the emotion called anger (like putting our money in a vending machines Mr that takes it but fails to produce the goods, using a pen that stops writing in the middle of a quiz or having a ticket office close just before you get to the window to buy s ticket)
• the presentation of aversive stimuli produces the emotion called anxiety. (Like approaching scary looking strangers in a dark alley, seeing a car drive directly toward you at a high speed )
• withdrawal if aversive stimulus produces an emotion that is called relief. (Like when a woman receives the results DRL a read of a limo on her breast)

Question 5

12. In a sentence for each, summarize here important components that make up our emotions, and name the type of conditioning involved in each component.

Answer 5

Our emotions have three important components:

1. The automatic tea thin you feel during the experience of an emotion (typically accompanied by visible signs, such as frown ) which is influenced by respondent conditioning
2. The way that you learn to express an emotion overtly (such as shouting, jumping up and down) which is influenced by operant conditioning
3. The way that you become aware of and describe your emotions which is also influenced by operant conditioning.

Question 6

16. What basic assumption do the authors of this text make a kid public and private behaviour ?

Answer 6

• much of what we call “thinking “ and “feeling” in everyday life goes on a level that is not observable by others. We refer to such activity as covert or private. Although private behaviour is more difficult to get at, behaviour modifiers assume that in other r sliders it is the same as public behaviour; that is, that the principles and procedures of learnt and respondent conditioning apply to private behaviour.