Chapter 16

Question 1

Protein receptors located in the plasma membranes of defensive cells (phagocytes)

Answer 1

Toll-like receptors (TLR)

Question 2

Substances that increase phagocytosis.

Answer 2

Opsonins

Question 3

What is a complement?

Answer 3

Protein that get rid of microorganisms.

Question 4

First line of defense against microorganisms

Answer 4

• Skin (Sweat (lysozyme G+), dead cells, sebum)
• Mucous membranes
• Normal flora

Question 5

Defense in the respiratory system.

Answer 5

• Cilia
• Mucous
• Normal flora

Question 6

Attaches to the cilia in the lungs and destroys them

Answer 6

B. pertussis (Whooping cough)

Question 7

Second line of defense against microorganisms

Answer 7

• Blood components
• WBC’s
• Phagocytes (Phagocytosis): neutrophils (arrive 1st), monocytes. (Phagocytosis: Ingestion and digestion of microorganism)
• Plasma Proteins
• Antibodies
• Inflammation

Question 8

3 types of formed elements?

Answer 8

• Erythrocytes (RBC)
• Platelets
• Leukocytes (WBC)

Question 9

First to arrive at site of infection. Perform phagocytosis.

Answer 9

Neutrophils

Question 10

2 cell types that kill extraceularly?

Answer 10

• Eosinophils

- Natural killer lymphocytes

Question 11

Antimicrobial substances, against pathogens.

Answer 11

Nonspecific chemical defenses

Question 12

How long does it take to make antibodies?

Answer 12

About 2 weeks

Question 13

Defenses in digestive system

Answer 13

• Low pH (Stomach acid)
• Normal flora
• Digestive enzymes

Question 14

Monocytes that cross to the tissues

Answer 14

macrophages

Question 15

Proteins that non specifically get rid of microorganisms.

Answer 15

complement

Question 16

Complement activation results in:

Answer 16

• Lysis
• inflammation
• Phagocytosis

Question 17

Antiviral proteins produced by animal cells after viral stimulation.

Answer 17

Interferons (IFN)

Question 18

A type of antimicrobial peptides (AMP) produced by neutrophils, macrophages.

Answer 18

Defensins

Question 19

Phagocytosis

Name 3 phagocytes:

Answer 19

• Neutrophils
• Monocytes
• Macrophages
• Dendritic

Question 20

What types of defense mechanisms do the innate immune system use to combat extracellular pathogens?

Answer 20

• Phagocytosis
• Complement
• WBC’s

Question 21

What types of defense mechanisms do the innate immune system use to combat intracellular pathogens?

Answer 21

-Interferons

Question 22

Combats worms in blood?

Answer 22

Eosinophils

Question 23

Results when chemicals called pyrogens trigger the hypothalamus to increase the body’s core temperature

Answer 23

Fever

Question 24

Anything that increases temperature.

Answer 24

Pyrogens

Question 25

Transfers iron.

Answer 25

Transferrins HINT: Trans-fe-rrins Fe=Iron

Question 26

Non specific defense is

Answer 26

The body's defenses against any kind of pathogen

Question 27

Neutrophils attach to vascular linings and move out of the cells in a process known as

Answer 27

Diapedesis

Question 28

Margination is the process in which WBC......

Answer 28

Slow down, stop and attach to vessel walls

Question 29

The primary phacoytes in the blood are

Answer 29

monocytes

Question 30

Macrophages located in the liver are called

Answer 30

Kuffer cells

Question 31

Fever is caused by chemicals known as

Answer 31

Pyrogens

Question 32

Complement protein that acts as opsonin?

Answer 32

C3b

Question 33

Phagocytes stick to the endothelium

Answer 33

Margination

Question 34

Antiviral proteins produced by animal cells after viral stimulation

Answer 34

Interferons