Chapter 16

Question 1

what is the biological approach for treating psychological disorders?

Answer 1

improve structural or biological functioning, uses psychoactive drugs, may neglet non biological problems

Question 2

what is the psychodynamic approach for treating psychological disorders?

Answer 2

discover source and conflicts, therapist analysis of resistance, dreams and catharasis

Question 3

what is the behavioural approach for treating psychological disorders?

Answer 3

learn more functional behaviours, desensitization aversion therapy, operant conditioning, therapist modelling

Question 4

what is the cognitive behavioural approach for psychological disorders?

Answer 4

change harmful thinking patterns, rational emotional therapy, cognitive therapy.

Question 5

what is the humanistic approach for psychological disorders?

Answer 5

provide support for self appraisal and acceptance, client centred and gestalt therapy techniques.

Question 6

What key feature is common to all forms of therapy?

Answer 6

1. Therapists generally see the same kinds of clients.
2. Therapy takes place in all sorts of settings.
3. Clinicians have become increasingly concerned about the negative effects of long-term institutionalization.

Question 7

Providing support for honest self-appraisal, self-acceptance, and self-actualization is the goal of _______ type of therapy.

Answer 7

humanistic and existential

Question 8

medications that act on the brain are?

Answer 8

psychoactive drugs

Question 9

what are the four major drug groups used in therapy?

Answer 9

antisphycotic, antidepressant, mood stabilizers, anti anxiety drugs

Question 10

how do antipsychotic drugs work?

Answer 10

block dopamine receptors

Question 11

how do antidepressants work?

Answer 11

target the norepinephrine and serotonin pathways

Question 12

what are snris?

Answer 12

serotonin reuptake inhibitors, block the reabsorption of serotonin

Question 13

what is a placebo?

Answer 13

inactive substance, mimics a drug but has no active ingredients

Question 14

what is electroconvulsive therapy?

Answer 14

use of electric shock to trigger a brain seizure, in hopes of relieving abnormal functioning

Question 15

what is an ETC primarily used for?

Answer 15

people with severe depression, helps about 70%, less often today, only in severe cases

Question 16

what is vagus nervous stimulation?

Answer 16

implanted device sends electrical signals to the brain through vagus nerve, used to treat severe depression

Question 17

what is transcranial magnetic stimulation

Answer 17

coil sends current into prefrontal cortex, increase neuron activity, severe depression

Question 18

what is psychosurgery?

Answer 18

brain surgery to relieve abnormal functioning

Question 19

what are the forms of psychosurgery?

Answer 19

1. trepheing (chipping a hole in the skull) and 2. labotomy (cutting sections between the frontal lobe) 3. deep brain stimulaion (implanted electrodes to treat severe depression, parkinsons disease and epilepsy)

Question 20

What are the main categories of biological treatments?

Answer 20

drug and electroconvulsive therapy and psychosurgery

Question 21

What are some new methods of direct brain stimulation?

Answer 21

vagus nerve stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation

Question 22

what are some techniques for psychodynamic therapies?

Answer 22

free association, therapist interpretation, catharsis and working through

Question 23

what is free association?

Answer 23

allowing clients to freely talk about whatever thy want

Question 24

what is the difference between resistance, interference, and dream interpretation?

Answer 24

resistance (clients encounter a block in their free associations or change the subject to avoid a potentially painful discussion)

interference (clients come to act and feel toward the therapist as they did toward important figures)

dream interpretation ( dreams can reveal the unconscious)

• all part of therapist interpretation``

Question 25

what is catharsis?

Answer 25

Reliving of past repressed feelings as a means of settling internal conflicts and overcoming problems

Question 26

a single session of catharasis would not be beneficial, therefore clients most partake in _________?

Answer 26

working through

Question 27

what is relational psychoanalytical therapy?

Answer 27

therapists should work to form more equal relationships with clients.

Question 28

The psychodynamic therapy technique of allowing clients to freely talk about whatever they want is called?

Answer 28

free association

Question 29

The psychodynamic therapy of reliving of past repressed feelings as a means of settling internal conflicts and overcoming problems is called?

Answer 29

catharasis

Question 30

what are the three categories of behavioural techniques?

Answer 30

classical conditioning, operant conditioning and modelling

Question 31

what is aversion therapy?

Answer 31

designed to help clients to acquire anxiety responses to stimuli that the clients have been finding too attractive. (classical)

Question 32

what is token economy?

Answer 32

Operant conditioning therapy program in which participants receive tokens (that can be traded for rewards) when they display desired behaviours.

Question 33

what is social skills training?

Answer 33

Behavioural therapy technique in which therapists serve as models and teachers to help clients acquire desired social behaviours.

Question 34

What is systematic desensitization?

Answer 34

This process is aimed at teaching people with phobias to react with calm instead of fear to the objects or situations they dread.

Question 35

what is albert ellises Rational-emotive behavioural therapy?

Answer 35

Ellis’s therapy technique designed to help clients discover and change the irrational assumptions that govern their emotions, behaviours, and thinking.

Question 36

what is becks cognitive theory?

Answer 36

help clients recognize and change their dysfunctional thoughts and ways of thinking.

Question 37

what is second wave cognitive behaviour therapies?

Answer 37

help clients accept their issues, use acceptance and commitment therapy. mindfullness, and acceptance and commitment

Question 38

What do therapists help clients to do in cognitive therapy?

Answer 38

Recognize and change their dysfunctional thoughts and ways of thinking.

Question 39

what is rogers client centred therapy?

Answer 39

Humanistic therapy designed to help clients experience unconditional positive regard and look at themselves honestly and acceptingly.

Question 40

what are 3 qualities for client centred therapy?

Answer 40

unconditional positive regard (full acceptance), accurate empathy (listening and re stating clients statements) and genuinness (realness and communication)

Question 41

gestalt therapy includes?

Answer 41

move towards self recognition and acceptance 1. skill frustration (refuse to meet clients demands) 2. role playing (have clients act out various roles) 3. rules (clients look at themselves closely)

Question 42

what is existential therapy?

Answer 42

accept responsibility for lives and problems, great relationship between client and therapist

Question 43

What are the key characteristics therapists should display in client-centred therapy?

Answer 43

support, honesty, empathy

Question 44

What techniques are used in Gestalt therapy?

Answer 44

skillful frustration, role playing, and rules

Question 45

Detecting and treating psychological disorders in the early stages, before they reach serious levels is ________ prevention.

Answer 45

secondary

Question 46

What is the main assumption of family systems therapy?

Answer 46

Each family has its own implicit rules, relationship structure, and communication patterns that shape the behaviour of the individual members.

Question 47

What do effective therapists have in common?

Answer 47

They pay careful attention to the way they and their clients interact.

Question 48

What does research show about whether or NOT therapy is generally effective?

Answer 48

1. Studies reveal that therapy is often more helpful than no treatment 2. No one form of therapy generally stands out over all others. 3. Particular therapies are especially effective at treating certain disorders.