chapter 16 - exam 2

Question 1

what blood vessel has the most smooth muscle fibers + creates greatest resistance to tissue blood flow

Answer 1

arterioles

Question 2

what blood vessel is located at the origin of each true capillary + opens/closes cyclically for intermittent perfusion

Answer 2

precapillary sphincters

Question 3

what blood vessel is responsible for vasomotion

Answer 3

pre-capillary sphincters + metarterioles

Question 4

what blood vessels have the lowest pressure

Answer 4

venules

Question 5

what blood vessels have the smallest diameter

Answer 5

capillaries

Question 6

what blood vessels have intermittent bands of smooth muscle

Answer 6

metarterioles

Question 7

what is vasomotion

Answer 7

intermittent contraction/relaxation of precapillary sphincters to regulate specific flow amount + duration

Question 8

what is the main factor driving the opening/closing of precapillary sphincters

Answer 8

O2 concentration in the tissue

Question 9

what are intracellular clefts

Answer 9

slit pores where 2 endothelial cells meet up

Question 10

what is the purpose of intracellular celfts

Answer 10

passage for water + water soluble particles

Question 11

plasmalemmal vesicles (caveolae)

Answer 11

indentations lined with special protein receptors

Question 12

basement membrane

Answer 12

thin external covering

Question 13

special capillary beds in brain

Answer 13

tight junctions that contribute to BBB

Question 14

special capillary beds in muscle and CT

Answer 14

slit pores 6-7 nm

Question 15

special capillary beds in GI tract

Answer 15

slightly larger slit pores than muscles

Question 16

special capillary beds in liver

Answer 16

wide open clefts that allow plasma proteins through

Question 17

special capillary beds in kidney

Answer 17

normal sized slit pores to allow water/solute through

Question 18

DOES IT CROSS THE CAPILLARY MEMBRANE

Answer 18

MAKE TABLE

Question 19

what makes up the interstitium

Answer 19

collagen fibers, proteoglycan filaments, interstitial gel, + rivulets

Question 20

what are collagen fibers for

Answer 20

structure and tensile strength

Question 21

proteoglycan filaments

Answer 21

tiny coiled molecules of hyaluronic acid and protein

Question 22

interstitial gel

Answer 22

the fluid trapped in the reticular filaments that has to diffuse slowly through the available space

Question 23

rivulets

Answer 23

contain interstitial fluid that flows to collagen

Question 24

lymph functions

Answer 24

1. carry protein away from tissue
2. absorb dietary fats from GI tract
3. carry bacteria/pathogens away from tissue
4. contributes to negative interstitial pressures

Question 25

flow of lymph

Answer 25

DRAWN OUT

Question 26

starlings equilibrium

Answer 26

capillary filtration is almost completely balanced by capillary reabsorption at a capillary bed

Question 27

capillary hydrostatic pressure

Answer 27

forces fluid outward throigh capillary

Question 28

interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure positive

Answer 28

forces fluid back into capillary

Question 29

interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure negative

Answer 29

pulls fluid out of capillary into tissue

Question 30

is interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure usually positive or negative

Answer 30

negative

Question 31

capillary colloid osmotic pressure

Answer 31

pulls fluid back into capillary

Question 32

interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure

Answer 32

pulls fluid into interstitial space

Question 33

what forces are apart of starlings equilibrium

Answer 33

capillary hydrostatic pressure, interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure, capillary colloid osmotic pressure, + interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure

Question 34

what is the primary driving force is starlings equilibrium

Answer 34

capillary hydrostatic pressure

Question 35

what is net filtration pressure

Answer 35

the sum of all the starlings forces

Question 36

what does a positive net filtration mean

Answer 36

theres a net fluid filtration at the capillary

Question 37

what does a negative net filtration (NFP) mean

Answer 37

theres net fluid absorption from interstitial spaces

Question 38

what determines rate of fluid filtration

Answer 38

number and size of the pores in each capillary

Question 39

capillary filtration coefficient

Answer 39

measure of the capacity of the capillary membrane to filter water for a given NFP

Question 40

THINGS THAT AFFECT STARLINGS

Answer 40

MAKE A TABLE