Chapter 17

Question 1

what is a tuning fork

Answer 1

emits clear tone to Dx the ear, shows level of hearing

Question 2

what is audiometry

Answer 2

headphones in soundproof room which plays tones at pithces
determines how much you can hear
- demonstrates how much damage done

Question 3

what is an ENG used for

Answer 3

measure balance and position problems

Question 4

how do you do ENG

Answer 4

alternating cold and warm water placed into ear canal

Question 5

what is an auditory brain response (ADR)

Answer 5

gives info about inner ear and brain hearing pathways

Question 6

specialty equipment for ENT

Answer 6

loupes
head lamps
argon laser
speculum holder
nerve stimulator
power equipment

Question 7

consideration when working on ENT

Answer 7

watch the lower ear
dont prep eyes or ears usually
not sterile cases

Question 8

what is the most common graft for tympanoplasty

Answer 8

synthetic graft on head

Question 9

what is otitis media

Answer 9

ear infection
- inflammation of middle ear, blocks eustachian tube and fills with fluid

Question 10

what are ear tubes called

Answer 10

PE tubes- pressure equalizing tubes

Question 11

what is the location of myringtotomy

Answer 11

pars tensa allows to place PE tube

Question 12

steps of myringtotomy

Answer 12

incise
implant: vent tubes (PE tubes)
- wax removal from canal
- incision into pars tensa
- suction fluid
- place PE tube
- place antibiotic

Question 13

what is type I tympanoplasty

Answer 13

tympanic membrane
repair of eardrum

Question 14

what is type II tympanoplasty

Answer 14

ear drum and malleus

Question 15

what is type III tympanoplasty

Answer 15

ear drum, malleus, and incus

Question 16

what is type IV tympanoplasty

Answer 16

ear drum + all ossicles

Question 17

what is type V tympanoplasty

Answer 17

type IV and fixed stapes footplate

Question 18

characteristics of tympanic fascia graft

Answer 18

may be harvested through same incision

allowed to air dry
thin and light like tissue paper

Question 19

pathology of mastoiditis

Answer 19

untreated otitis media
destorys the mastoid bone

Question 20

what can mastoiditis lead to

Answer 20

meningitis, encephalitis, death

Question 21

pathology of cholesteatoma

Answer 21

cyst or tumor that destroys air cells

can also damage ossicles
- cause cranial nerve damage

Question 22

what causes cholesteatoma

Answer 22

accumulation of epithelial cells
- due to eustachian being blocked

Question 23

what is a mastoidectomy

Answer 23

rmeoval of bony mastoid due to cholesteatome or mastoiditis

Question 24

what are complications with mastoidectomy

Answer 24

facial nerve damage
post op SSI
long time hearing loss
vertigo
meningitis

Question 25

steps of mastoidectomy

Answer 25

- inject ear (behind) - harvest temporalis fascia - mastoid bone is burred out - tymplanoplasty - fascia graft is placed - skin graft placed over fascia - gelfoam packed into mastoid cavity - incision closed

Question 26

pathology for otosclerosis

Answer 26

bony overgrowth of stapes foot plate becomes fixed in oval window preventing sound vibrations entering ear

Question 27

cochlear implant components

Answer 27

1- internal - electrode threaded into the cochlea 2- external - microphone and processor convert sound into electrical impulses

Question 28

how do you clean micro insturments

Answer 28

micro wipe, not raytec

Question 29

what is the most common sinus scaninig

Answer 29

caldwell- for ethmoid sinsus

Question 30

what topical anesthetic is used in nose procedures

Answer 30

4% cocaine - potent vasoconstricter

Question 31

what is an atomizer

Answer 31

sprat mist used instead of cottonoids (method of 4% cocaine)

Question 32

preop considerations with septoplasty

Answer 32

supine + slight trendelenberg trim hair local anesthetic nonsterile procedure

Question 33

what are the types of nose dressings

Answer 33

internal splint external splint mustache

Question 34

*what is indirect visualization*

Answer 34

*mirror*

Question 35

*what does culture and sensitivity test*

Answer 35

*microorganisms and antibiotic sensitivity*

Question 36

*what does xray look at*

Answer 36

*bone and cartilage with dye*

Question 37

*when do you use blood count*

Answer 37

*anemia, tendency to bleed, infection in WBC*

Question 38

what is a fess

Answer 38

functional endoscopic sinus surgery

Question 39

what is a submucous resection

Answer 39

incise to submucosal structures, then septoplasty

Question 40

what causes a septal perforation

Answer 40

carcinoma chronic infections bad picking cocaine

Question 41

what do you do if you have septal perforation

Answer 41

septoplasty

Question 42

what causes hypertrophy terminates

Answer 42

chronic rhinitis- allergies

Question 43

what is hypertrophy terminates

Answer 43

permanent enlargement of nasal concha

Question 44

what does hypertrophy terminates cause

Answer 44

nasal obstruction needs a turbonectomy

Question 45

what do you mostly use to get ride of nasal polypa

Answer 45

shaver, not polyp snare

Question 46

what is choanal atresia

Answer 46

congenital defect where nasopharyngeal septum doesnt connect to throat

Question 47

what is internasal antrostomy

Answer 47

sinusitis and remove recurring maxillary polyps

Question 48

what are maxillary polyps removed with

Answer 48

antrum rasp

Question 49

what is caldwell luck antrostomy

Answer 49

done for radical forms of antrostomies in maxillary sinus incision above the molars dont perform on children

Question 50

what is a videostroboscopy

Answer 50

strobe scope for visualization and speech

Question 51

what is a polysomnography

Answer 51

done for sleep apnea severia records all activities during sleep

Question 52

what is a multiple sleep latency test

Answer 52

amount of time it takes to fall asleep less than 5 mins disorder

Question 53

what microscopes are used for laryngeal procedures

Answer 53

f= 400 lens co2 laser

Question 54

types of laryngoscopes

Answer 54

L shape U shape flexible

Question 55

what causes tonsilitis

Answer 55

strep throat lots

Question 56

what tonsils does tonsilitis mostly effect

Answer 56

palatine

Question 57

what is peritonsillar abscess

Answer 57

major complication of failed antibiotic therapy or chronic tonsilitis abscess formed between tonsil and wall

Question 58

what is the most common form of sleep apnea

Answer 58

obstructive sleep apnea - throat muscles relax

Question 59

what are the kinds of sleep apnea

Answer 59

central obstructive

Question 60

what is laryngeal neoplasm

Answer 60

voice quality change and pain benign or malignant

Question 61

who is at risk for laryngeal neoplasms

Answer 61

smokers

Question 62

what are laryngeal neoplasm biopsys taken with

Answer 62

co2 laser

Question 63

what is a laryngectomy

Answer 63

partial or comlpete removal of larynx - total if cancer or trauma

Question 64

cancer laryngectomy types

Answer 64

supraglottic glottic subglottic transglottic

Question 65

what is the duct that leads saliva into the mouth

Answer 65

stenos duct

Question 66

pathology for parotidectomy

Answer 66

stones blocking stenos duct cancer

Question 67

steps for parotidecotmy

Answer 67

- incision above mandible - dissect from external auditory - preserve nerve - gland dissected free - removal of deep lobe - irrigation + drainage - closure

Question 68

is septoplasty sterile or not

Answer 68

not sterile

Question 69

isntruments for septoplasty

Answer 69

freer septal + takahashi

Question 70

considerations for septoplsaty

Answer 70

patient may be awake keep drapes away from face

Question 70

steps for septoplasty

Answer 70

- nasal speculum - nostril opened and incised - cartilage incised - mucous membrane elevated - deviated structures reduced/ removed - chisel and mallet - forceps extract tissue - close - pack

Question 71

what is a submucous ressecton

Answer 71

similar to septoplasty, but incision done in mucous membrane often done in conjunction

Question 72

types of temporomandibular disorder

Answer 72

muscle related: clenching jaw joint related: malocclusion of teeth

Question 73

steps for temporomandibular joint arthroscopy

Answer 73

- small incision over joint - irrigation fluid infused to joint - joint is examined - wound closed - dressing placed

Question 74

what is temporomandibular joint arthroscopy

Answer 74

TMJ arthroscopy surgical intervention for temporomandibular disorder disorders of jaw joint

Question 75

uvulopalatopharyngoplasty pathology

Answer 75

patients with sleep apnea removing the top of the back of the mouth so theres more room, elevating the uvula

Question 76

steps for uvulopalatopharyngoplasty

Answer 76

- davis mouth gag - outline of tissue resected - tonsils removed if necessary - specimen extracted - bulb syringe to irrigate - suture mucosal edges - adenoidectomy if necessary

Question 77

what is an adenoid

Answer 77

enlarged pharyngeal tonsils

Question 78

which tonsils are the "tonsils"

Answer 78

palatine

Question 79

positions for adenoidectomy

Answer 79

ped: supine adult: neck extended

Question 80

steps for tonsilectomy

Answer 80

- mouth gag - tonsil grabbed + incised - dissected free from mucosa - tonsil amputated - apply pressure + hemostasis

Question 81

what is a stapdectomy for

Answer 81

overgrown footplate of stapes - prevents vibrations