Bio 1720 > Chapter 17 > Flashcards

Chapter 17 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the link between genotype and phenotype

A

Proteins

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2
Q

What is gene expression

A

the process DNA directs protein synthesis, including transcription and translation

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3
Q

Basic principles of transcription and translation

A
  • Transcription is the synthesis of RNA using DNA info to make mRNA.
  • Translation is the synthesis of polypeptide (proteins) using mRNA.
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4
Q

Process to produce mRNA

A
  • Initiation
  • Elongation
  • Termination
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5
Q

What preRNA is altered to become mRNA

A
  • 5’ CAP added
  • Poly-A-tail added
    Splicing of coding regions together
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6
Q

What’s the difference of coding region between eukaryote and prokaryoteq

A

Prokaryote just have coding sequences, eukaryote preRNA has both coding and noncoding sequences.

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7
Q

What do addition of the 5’Cap and Poly-A-tail help for eukaryote RNA processing

A
  • provide stability for mRNA
  • export mRNA to the cytoplasm
  • Help ribosomes to attach to the 5’ end.
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8
Q

What are coding sequences

A

Extrons (expressed sequences)

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9
Q

What are noncoding sequence

A

Introns (intervening sequences)

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10
Q

What is triplet code

A

A nonoverlapping, three-nucleotide words

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11
Q

What thing helps transport the triplet code from mRNA to make amino acids in ribosomes

A

tRNA

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12
Q

What is the basic structure of tRNA

A
  • Has an L shape, link together by H-bond
  • one site of it will bind to a specific amino acid
  • one site (anticodon) will bind to an mRNA codon
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13
Q

What are the three steps of translation

A
  • Initiation
  • Elongation
  • Termination
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14
Q

What happens during initiation

A
  • Small unit of ribosomes first binds with the start codon (AUG) of the mRNA
  • Large subunit completes the initiation complex
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15
Q

When will elongation in translation stop

A

When a stop codon in the mRNA reaches the A site of the ribosome, which dissociates ribosomal subunits and other components.

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Bio 1720
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