Chapter 18 Bacteria Notes

Question 1

What are two types of Prokaryotes

Answer 1

Bacteria and archaebacteria

Question 2

List 4 characteristics of prokaryotes

Answer 2

• Found in any and all environments
• Masters of adaptation
• Existed for over one billion years on primitive earth
• Range from 1-10 length, and 0.7-1.5 width in micro meters

Question 4

What are the three basic shapes of bacteria

Answer 4

• Spherical (Cocci)
• Capsule (Bacilli)
• Worm (Spirilli)

Question 5

What was the significance of Anton Van Leuwenhoek’s famous experiment?

Answer 5

He disproved vital force and brought the idea that one cell makes another cell

Question 6

True or False: Prokaryotes DO NOT HAVE a membrane bound nucleus

Answer 6

True

Question 7

DNA is found in the _____ region shaped in a ring

Answer 7

Nucleoid

Question 8

What does the outer cell wall contain in bacteria cells

Answer 8

Peptidoglycan

Question 9

What does peptidoglycan do for a bacteria cell

Answer 9

Prevents it from experiencing osmotic bursting

Question 10

What do some bacteria have that helps them move around

Answer 10

A flagella

Question 11

Prokaryotes lack _________ organelles

Answer 11

membrane-bound

Question 12

What is a plasmid

Answer 12

An ACCESSORY ring of DNA (This DNA has nothing to do with the genetic makeup of the cell!!!!!)

Question 13

What do fimbriae’s allow a prokaryote to do

Answer 13

to attach to a host cell/ a surface

Question 14

What does a capsule produce

Answer 14

Carbohydrate chains

Question 15

Do prokaryotes reproduce asexuallly or sexually

Answer 15

asexually

Question 16

What is binary fission

Answer 16

When prokaryotes reproduce asexually

Question 17

What are the THREE KEY steps in Binary Fission

Answer 17

1: Chromosome replicates as cell grows
2: Genetic material separates and cell elongates
3: Cross wall forms and separates two cells

Question 18

True or False: Prokaryotes are Diploid

Answer 18

False- They are haploid, giving them immediate mutations

Question 19

What’s Transduction

Answer 19

A phage-facilitated exchange of info.
(Meaning viruses aid genetic change based on infection)

Question 20

What’s Transformation

Answer 20

The picking up of extracellular DNA

Question 21

What’s conjugation

Answer 21

A sex pilus forms between two cells and the donor cell passes DNA to the recipient cell through the pilus

Question 22

True or False: Spores form under favorable conditions

Answer 22

False- Unfavorable

Question 23

HOW do spores form

Answer 23

The cytoplasm mostly dehydrates and a copy of the bacterial genome is saved