Genetic engineering
The artificial manipulation or alteration of genes
Isolation
The removal of the chromosome containing the target gene from the human cell and the plasmid DNA from the bacterium
Ligation
The joining of two sections of DNA to form a single strand
Transformation
The uptake of DNA into a cell
Cloning
The production of identical copies of the bacterium containing the target gene
Expression
The formation of the product by the organism with the recombinant DNA