Chapter 18 invertebrates study guide

Question 1

List the characteristics of an animal

Answer 1

-Heterotrophic meaning to ingest
- eukaryotic
- multicellular meaning they have specialized cells and tissues
- no cell walls
- most are mobile
- most perform sexual reproduction
- most are invertebrates

Question 2

What is the difference between invertebrates and vertebrates

Answer 2

Invertebrates don’t have a backbone also known as a vertebral column which is made of calcium but vertebrates do have a backbone

Question 3

What percent of all animals are invertebrates and vertebrates

Answer 3

96% are invertebrates and 4% are vertebrates

Question 4

1.cnidaria

Answer 4

polyp or medusa are Predators

Question 5

2.porifera

Answer 5

Lack of tissues and symmetry

Question 6

3.platyhelminthes

Answer 6

Cephalized with a flattened body

Question 7

4.annelida

Answer 7

Segmented worms with a true coelom

Question 8

5.arthropods

Answer 8

Have an exoskeleton made of chitin

Question 9

6.nematodes

Answer 9

Roundworms includes heartworm in dogs

Question 10

What events led to the Cambrian explosion and massive animal diversification

Answer 10

• increases in oxygen and change in climate which made it easier for larger organisms to survive
• increasingly complex predator / prey relationships
  - survival of the fittest
• variation due to when homeotic genes are turned on
  -homeotic genes animals can control and turn on and off
• splitting of Pangea led to isolation of species and evolutionary change

Question 11

*Label the three layers of the gastrula

Question 12

Put the following in the correct order: zygote, fertilization, gastrulation, blastocyst, mitosis, sperm/egg

Answer 12

Sperm/egg- fertilization- zygote- mitosis- blastocyst- gastrulation

Question 13

What is a larva

Answer 13

An immature individual looking different from the adult animal

Question 14

True or false all animals are cephalized

Answer 14

False

Question 15

Protostomes

Answer 15

First opening that appears on embryo and becomes the mouth

Question 16

Sessile

Answer 16

Anchored in place or immobile

Question 17

coelom

Answer 17

Fluid-Filled body cavity between an organism’s internal organs and body wall

Question 18

Suspension feeder

Answer 18

eats material filtered from surrounding water

Question 19

Hydrostatic skeleton

Answer 19

A structure that has a fluid filled cavity surrounded by muscles

Question 20

Visceral mass

Answer 20

Soft region in molluscs that contains the internal organs like digestive, nervous, reproductive, and respiratory system

Question 21

What’s the coelom

Answer 21

A fluid-filled body cavity located between the digestive tract and outer body wall it’s lined by the Mesoderm, annelids,

Question 22

What’s the pseudocoelom

Answer 22

” false cavity “ partially lined with mesoderm, roundworms

Question 23

what’s the acoelomate

Answer 23

Lack the body cavity, flatworms

Question 24

during embryonic development which layer will develop into the skin

Answer 24

Ectoderm

Question 25

* label anterior posterior ventral dorsal, know Proximal Superior etc

Question 26

Humans display --- symmetry while jellyfish display--- symmetry

Answer 26

Bilateral, radial

Question 27

How do sponges take in food identify the two types of cells that Aid in feeding

Answer 27

They are filter feeders drawing water through tiny pores. They have flagellated cells called Choanocytes help to sweep water through its body and trap food they line the internal chamber. They also have amoebocytes which digest and distribute food

Question 28

What are two benefits/ potential uses of sponges

Answer 28

Production of drugs, cleaning products

Question 29

Briefly describe how cnidarians sting other animals

Answer 29

They use cnidocytes that contain nematocysts which have a barb delivering venom into the prey. When prey or threats touch a hairlike trigger called a cnidocil, high internal pressure forces the barbed, toxic thread to eject instantly, penetrating the target to paralyze or defend.

Question 30

how does a polyp and Medusa different from one another

Answer 30

polyp- cylindrical tubes, sessile, mouths face up medusa- umbrella shaped, mouth faces down, free swimming

Question 31

why are algae important to coral reefs

Answer 31

algae live on top of the polyp and perform photosynthesis which provides food and energy for the coral to grow

Question 32

Flatworms have a nervous system containing eye spots are eye spots true eyes

Answer 32

No they detect light and aren't able to see images

Question 33

What are two types of parasitic worms was structure is found on tapeworms but not flukes

Answer 33

tapeworms, flukes scolex

Question 33

Compare and contrast the phylum nematoda to annelida

Answer 33

simmilarities: bilateral symmetry, body cavity, digestive tract, three germ layers, decomposers differences: annelids- segmentation, close circulatory system nematodes- Cuticle

Question 34

What is an example of a parasitic roundworm that can infect humans

Answer 34

trichinella spiralis

Question 35

Identify for body parts that are found in molluscs

Answer 35

foot-locomotion visceral mass- holds organs mantle-fold of tissue radula- organ for scraping up food

Question 36

How is a bivalve different from cephalopod

Answer 36

It has shells divided into two halves that are hinge together Bivalves (clams, oysters) are sessile or slow-moving filter feeders with two hinged shells, no distinct head, and an open circulatory system. In contrast, cephalopods (squids, octopuses) are active, predatory carnivores with tentacles, no external shell (or internal), well-developed eyes, a brain, and a closed circulatory system.

Question 37

Gastropod means belly foot identify two examples of a gastropod

Answer 37

Snail and slug

Question 38

Earthworms have a Closed circulatory system what makes it closed as opposed to open

Answer 38

In a closed circulatory system blood remains enclosed in vessels as a distributes nutrients and oxygen throughout the body

Question 39

aortic arches

Answer 39

acts like hearts and pumps blood around the body

Question 39

clitellum

Answer 39

thickened band used in reproduction, secretes mucus and forms the cocoon for eggs

Question 40

Anus

Answer 40

Where waste exits the body

Question 41

crop

Answer 41

stores food temporarily

Question 42

gizzard

Answer 42

grinds food into smaller pieces

Question 43

pharynx

Answer 43

pulls food in from the mouth

Question 43

dorsal blood vessel

Answer 43

carries blood toward the head

Question 44

seminal vesicles

Answer 44

produce sperm

Question 45

seminal receptacles

Answer 45

receives and stores sperm

Question 46

intestine

Answer 46

digests food and absorbs nutrients

Question 47

*label the earthworm

Question 48

what is unique about the skeleton of echinoderm

Answer 48

they have an endoskeleton/internal skeleton made of hard calcium containing plates

Question 49

echinoderms are capable of location thought the use of their -----

Answer 49

tube feet

Question 50

what are 4 characteristic of chordates

Answer 50

-Notochord - Structure, flexibility -Dorsal nerve cord - Full length and send signals -Pharyngeal slits - Gills -Postanal tail - tail at back

Question 51

what are 2 examples of invertebrate/vertebrates chordates

Answer 51

invertebrates: tunicates,lancelets vertebrates: sharks,reptiles

Question 52

what are 3 reasons that invertebrates are important

Answer 52

-ecological relationship: coral reefs provide shelter -food -medicine

Question 53

------ theory explaining how the first animals evolved from colonial protists

Answer 53

colonial