Chapter 18 stuff

Question 1

Pineal Gland

Answer 1

• central portion of the brain

- secretes melatonin

Question 2

Melatonin

Answer 2

• secreted by pineal gland

- supports biological clock, induces sleep

Question 3

Thyroid Gland

Answer 3

• right and left lobe on either side of the trachea
• below thyroid cartilage
• secretes thyroxin, tertaiodothryonine (T4), triiodothytonine (T3), Calcitonin

Question 4

Parathyroid Gland

Answer 4

• four small oval bodies located on the dorsal aspect of the thyroid gland
• secrete parathyroid hormone

Question 5

Adrenal Cortex

Answer 5

(Adrenal Glands located on top of each kidney)

• outer portion
• secretes steroids, corticosteroids

Question 6

Adrenal Medulla

Answer 6

(Adrenal glands located on top of each kidney)

• inner portion
• secretes catecholamines

Question 7

Pancreas

Answer 7

• near and partly behind the stomach, in region of first and second lumbar vertebrae
• consists of hormone producing cells “islets of langerhans”
• secretes insulin and glucagon

Question 8

Pituitary Gland (hypophysis)
-anterior lobe

Answer 8

• pea sized gland located at base of the brain in small pocket-like depression called sella turcica
• growth hormone (somatotropin)
• Thyroid-Stimulating hormone (thyrotropin)
• Adrenocorticotropic hormone (adrenocorticotropin)
• Gonadotropic hormones (FSH/LH)
• Prolactin

Question 9

Pituitary Gland

-posterior lobe

Answer 9

• pea sized gland located at base of the brain in small pocket-like depression called sella turcica
• Antidiuretic hormone
• Oxytocin

Question 10

Ovaries

Answer 10

• Two small glands located in the lower abdominal region of the female
• estrogen, progesterone

Question 11

Testes

Answer 11

• Two small ovoid glands suspended from the inguinal region of the male
• testosterone

Question 12

Adrenaline (epinephrine)

Answer 12

• secreted by adrenal medulla
• Increases heart rate and blood pressure and dilates airways (sympathomimetic)
• “fight or flight” reaction

Question 13

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

Answer 13

Secreted by anterior pituitary

-stimulates adrenal cortex

Question 14

Aldosterone

Answer 14

• secreted by adrenal cortex

- increases salt reabsorption

Question 15

androgen

Answer 15

male hormone secreted by testes

-testosterone

Question 16

Antidiuretic hormone

Answer 16

secreted by posterior pituitary

-increases reabsorption of water by the kidney

Question 17

Calcitonin

Answer 17

Secreted by the thyroid gland

-decreases blood calcium elvels

Question 18

Cortisol

Answer 18

• secreted by adrenal cortex
• increases blood sugar
• secreted in times of stress and has an anti-inflammatory effect

Question 19

estradiol

Answer 19

Secreted by ovaries

-estrogen

Question 20

estrogen

Answer 20

Secreted by ovaries

-estradiol and estrone

Question 21

Follicle-Stimulating hormone (FSH)

Answer 21

Secreted by anterior pituitary

-stimulates hormone secretion and egg production by the ovaries and sperm production by testes

Question 22

Glucagon

Answer 22

secreted by the pancreas (alpha islets)

-increases blood sugar by conversion of glycogen to glucose

Question 23

Growth hormone (somatotropin)

Answer 23

Secreted by anterior pituitary

-stimulates growth of bones and soft tissue

Question 24

Insulin

Answer 24

Secreted by the pancreas (beta islets)

-helps glucose to pass into cells, promotes the conversion of glucose to glycogen

Question 25

Luteinizing Hormon

Answer 25

Secreted by anterior pituitary | -stimulates ovulation in females and testosterone secretion in males

Question 26

Norepinephrine (noradrenaline)

Answer 26

Secreted by adrenal medulla | -increases heart rate and blood pressure (sympathomimetic)

Question 27

Oxytocin

Answer 27

Secreted by posterior pituitary | -stimulates contraction of the uterus during labor and childbirth

Question 28

Parathormone

Answer 28

Secreted by parathyroid | -increases blood calcium

Question 29

Progesterone

Answer 29

Secreted by ovaries | -prepares uterus for pregnancy

Question 30

-prolactin

Answer 30

secreted by anterior pituitary | -promotes milk secretion

Question 31

Somatotropin

Answer 31

Secreted by anterior pituitary | -growth hormone

Question 32

Testosterone

Answer 32

male hormone secreted by testes

Question 33

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (thyrotropin)

Answer 33

Secreted by anterior pituitary | -acts on thyroid gland to promote its functioning

Question 34

thryoxine (T4, tetraiodothyronine)

Answer 34

Secreted by thyroid gland | -increases metabolism in cells

Question 35

triiodothyronine (T3)

Answer 35

Secreted by thyroid gland | -increases metabolism in cells

Question 36

Vasopressin (ADH)

Answer 36

Secreted by posterior pituitary | -increases water reabsorption and raises blood pressure

Question 37

Catecholamines

Answer 37

Secreted by adrenal medulla | -hormones derived from an amino acid

Question 38

Corticosteroids

Answer 38

Produced by adrenal cortex - cortisol (raises sugar levels) - Aldosterone (raises salt reabsorption by kidneys) - androgens and estrogens (sex hormones)

Question 39

Electrolyte

Answer 39

Mineral salt found in the blood and tissues and necessary for proper functioning of cells -potassium, sodium, calcium

Question 40

Glucocorticoid

Answer 40

Secreted by adrenal cortex | -regulates glucose, fat, protein metabolism

Question 41

Homeostasis

Answer 41

Tendency of an organism to maintain a constant internal environment

Question 42

Hormone

Answer 42

substance secreted by an endocrine gland that travels through the good to a distant organ or gland where it influences the structure or function of that organ or gland

Question 43

hypothalamus

Answer 43

Region of the brain lying slow the thalamus and above the pituitary gland -secrets real easing factors and hormones that affect the pituitary gland

Question 44

Mineralocorticoid

Answer 44

Secreted by adrenal cortex - regulates mineral salts (electrolytes) and water balance in the body - Aldosterone

Question 45

Receptor

Answer 45

cellular or nuclear protein that binds to a hormone so that a response can be elicited

Question 46

Sella turcica

Answer 46

Cavity in the skull that contains the pituitary gland

Question 47

Sex hormones

Answer 47

Steroids produced by the adrenal cortex to influence male and female sex characteristics

Question 48

Steroid

Answer 48

complex substance related to fats, and of which many hormones are made.

Question 49

Sympathomimetic

Answer 49

Pertaining to mimicking or copying the effect of the sympathetic nervous system.

Question 50

Target tissue

Answer 50

cells of an organ that are affected or stimulated by specific hormones