Obligation to minimize risk of harm and maximize possible benefits to individuals
Beneficence
Refers to fairness in both the burdens and benefits of research
Justice
Risks that is no greater in probability than that ordinarily encountered in daily life.
Minimal Risks
Researchers publishing false data
Fraud
Manipulation of data
Falsification
Nonexistent data
Fabrication
To cut and paste other people’s works
Plagiarism