chapter 2

Question 1

purposes of urine analysis

Answer 1

1. aids in disease diagnosis
2. monitors disease progression
3. monitor therapy effectiveness

Question 2

why study urine

Answer 2

1. urine analysis is a fluid biopsy of kidney
2. urine is a ultra filtrate of plasma (used to evaluate and monitor body homeostasis)

Question 3

most preferred specimen types

Answer 3

first morning
–> most concentrated but unrealistic for outpatients

Question 4

reasons for urine specimen rejection

Answer 4

1. unlabeled or mislabeled container
2. inappropriate collection technique

Question 5

changes in unpreserved urine are caused by

Answer 5

1. alteration of urine solutes
2. bacterial growth
3. solute precipitation

Question 6

changes in unpreserved urine

Answer 6

1. decreased clarity and increase in odor
2. possible color changes
3. false-negative glucose or ketones
4. increased nitrite and pH
5. disintegration of formed elements

Question 7

handling and preservation

Answer 7

refrigeration is most common technique (only used past 2 hrs)

Question 8

how many times higher is urine creatinine than plasma

Answer 8

50 times higher

Question 9

physiological range of urine specific gravity

Answer 9

1.002 and 1.035

Question 10

physiological range of urine pH

Answer 10

4 to 8