chapter 2

Question 1

what is the kinetic particle theory

Answer 1

all matter is made up of particles that are in constant random motion

Question 2

what are particles

Answer 2

atoms/molecules

Question 3

difference between atoms and molecules

Answer 3

atoms: 1
molecules: more than 1

Question 4

states of matter

Answer 4

• solid
• liquid
• gas

Question 5

arrangement and movement of solid

Answer 5

• very closely packed in an orderly manner
• vibrate and rotate about fixed positions

Question 6

KE of particles in solid

Answer 6

very low

(lowest)

Question 7

attractive forces between particles in solid

Answer 7

very strong

(strong)

Question 8

features of solid

Answer 8

• definite shape
• definite volume
• not able to compress

Question 9

features of liquid

Answer 9

• definite volume
• indefinite shape
• not able to compress

Question 10

particle arrangement and movement in liquid

Answer 10

• closely packed in a disorderly manner
• slide past one another freely throughout the liquid

Question 11

KE of particles in liquid

Answer 11

low

(lower than gas but higher than solid)

Question 12

attractive forces between particles in liquid

Answer 12

strong

(stronger than gas, less strong than solid)

Question 13

features of gas

Answer 13

• indefinite shape
• indefinite volume
• able to compress

Question 14

particle arrangement and movement in gas

Answer 14

• very far apart in a disorderly manner
• move quickly and randomly in any direction

Question 15

KE of particles in gas

Answer 15

high

(highest)

Question 16

attractive forces between particles in gas

Answer 16

very weak

(weakest)

Question 17

types of curves

Answer 17

• heating
• cooling

Question 18

stages of heating curve

Answer 18

1. solid
2. solid + liquid
3. liquid
4. liquid + gas
5. gas

Question 19

process from solid - liquid

Answer 19

melting

Question 20

process from liquid - gas

Answer 20

boiling

Question 21

stages of cooling curve

Answer 21

1. gas
2. gas + liquid
3. liquid
4. liquid + solid
5. solid

Question 22

process from gas - liquid

Answer 22

condensation

Question 23

process from liquid - solid

Answer 23

freezing

Question 24

process from solid to gas

Answer 24

sublimation

Question 25

process from gas to solid

Answer 25

vapour deposition

Question 26

what happens when heat is supplied | (1)

Answer 26

- gain heat/thermal energy - particles gain KE - movement increases - distance between particles increases (expansion in substance) | (leads to temperature increases)

Question 27

what happens when heat is supplies | (2)

Answer 27

heat supplied is used to overcome forces of attraction between particles | (leads to change in state)

Question 28

what happens when heat is removed | (1)

Answer 28

- heat energy is lost - particles lose KE - movement decreases - distance between particles decreases (contracts) | (leads to temperature decrease)

Question 29

what happens when heat is removed | (2)

Answer 29

results in the particles moving closer together, forces of attraction become stronger | (leads to change in state)

Question 30

difference between boiling and evaporation | (boiling)

Answer 30

- only occurs at boiling point - occurs throughout the substance

Question 31

difference between boiling and evaporation | (evaporation)

Answer 31

- can occur at any temperature - only occurs at the surface of substance

Question 32

what is diffusion

Answer 32

net movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration along a concentration gradient until equilibrium is reached

Question 33

factors affecting rate of diffusion

Answer 33

- temperature - particle mass

Question 34

the higher the temperature

Answer 34

the faster the rate of diffusion

Question 35

why is the rate of diffusion faster when there is a higher temperature

Answer 35

more thermal energy is converted to kinetic energy of the particles

Question 36

the greater the mass

Answer 36

the slower the rate of diffusion

Question 37

why is the rate of diffusion slower when there is a greater particle mass

Answer 37

particles with higher mass require more kinetic energy to move