Cerebellum
It fine-tunes motor activity and balance — damage causes coordination issues.
Occipital lobe
It’s the brain’s visual center — damage leads to vision loss or distortion.
Frontal lobe
It handles executive functions — damage affects decision-making and behavior.
Amygdala
It’s central to emotional processing, especially threat-related reactions.
Nucleus accumbens
It’s part of the dopamine reward pathway — linked to motivation and pleasure.
Acetylcholine (Ach)
It helps with motor control and memory — deficits linked to Alzheimer’s.
What do synaptic vesicles do during neuron signaling?
they store neurotransmitters and release them into the synapse to send signals to other neurons
Graded potentials
most common stimuli that cause neurons to fire (brings it up to -55)
It’s in its refractory period
It’s less likely to fire again immediately — the neuron is “resetting.”
Sympathetic nervous system
It triggers fight-or-flight responses — fast heart rate, dilated pupils, etc.
Parasympathetic nervous system
It slows heart rate and breathing — rest-and-digest mode.
Parasympathetic nervous system
It restores balance after sympathetic activation.
Autonomic nervous system
It regulates automatic body processes — includes both sympathetic and parasympathetic branches.
Psychodynamic
It focuses on unconscious drives and early experiences — rooted in Freudian theory.
It does not permit cause and effect conclusions
Correlation shows relationships, but doesn’t prove one variable causes another.
