What is the pre-web era characterized by?
- ARPAnet
- Government-managed utility to privatization of the internet
This era laid the groundwork for the development of the internet.
What defines Web 1.0?
- 1990s
- Read-Only
- ISPs
This was the initial stage of the World Wide Web, focusing on static content.
What are the key features of Web 2.0?
- 2000s
- Interactive/Read-Write web
- Collaborative web
- Development of Wikis
- Social media
This era marked a shift towards user-generated content and interactivity.
What is the Semantic Web associated with?
- 2010s
- Algorithm-generated recommendations
- Internet of things
This phase emphasizes data interoperability and machine understanding.
What is one benefit of the internet regarding gatekeeping?
Reduced gatekeeping
Allows anyone to publish and share content directly, without needing approval from traditional media or institutions.
Define grassroots activism.
Activism that starts from ordinary people rather than large organizations
The internet helps individuals organize, share messages, and mobilize supporters.
What does the internet provide in terms of access to information?
Free access to information
Gives people the ability to find and use vast amounts of information at no cost.
How has the internet increased informal training?
Allows people to learn skills through videos and online tutorials
This has democratized education and skill acquisition.
True or false: The internet enables place shifting for entertainment.
TRUE
Place shifting means accessing media from anywhere, not just a fixed location.
How does the internet support strong ties and weak ties?
- Strong ties: Constant communication (family, friends)
- Weak ties: Casual connections (acquaintances, online followers)
This facilitates idea spreading and opportunities.
Differentiate between misinformation and disinformation.
- Misinformation: False information shared by mistake
- Disinformation: False information spread on purpose
Understanding this distinction is crucial for media literacy.
What is doxing?
Publicly revealing someone’s private or personal information online without their consent
This is a serious violation of privacy and can lead to harassment.
Define a deep fake.
A realistic but fake video, image, or audio created using AI
Deep fakes can mislead viewers by making it appear that someone did or said something they did not.
What is sextortion?
A form of blackmail involving threats to share private or sexual images unless demands are met
This is a growing concern in online safety.
What is selective exposure?
Choosing to see or read information that matches existing beliefs
This can lead to echo chambers and limit diverse viewpoints.
What are filter bubbles?
Online environments created by algorithms showing only similar content
This limits exposure to diverse views and can reinforce biases.
Define confirmation bias.
The tendency to believe and remember information that supports your opinions
The internet amplifies this through personalized content.
What is remix culture?
A culture where people reuse and combine existing media to create new works
This fosters creativity and innovation in digital content.
What is the right of fair use?
A legal principle allowing limited use of copyrighted material without permission
This applies for purposes like education, commentary, criticism, or parody.
What is surveillance capitalism?
An economic system where companies collect and sell personal data to predict and influence behavior
This is facilitated by data mining, cookies, and IP addresses.
How does data mining aid surveillance capitalism?
By analyzing massive amounts of user data to target ads and personalize content
This is crucial for profit generation in surveillance capitalism.
What is net neutrality?
All data gets the same access to the internet and travels at the same speed
This principle is essential for maintaining an open internet.
