Chapter 2

Question 0

Socialism

Answer 0

The government owns part of the means of production ; healthcare, school systems, etc

Question 1

Anarchy

Answer 1

The absence of government

Question 2

Communism

Answer 2

The government controls all means of production

• no private property
• no incentive for improvement

Question 3

Democracy

Answer 3

The people run the government

-capitalistic

Question 4

Monarchy

Answer 4

Absolute: king holds complete power
Constitutional: the king and people share power

Question 5

5 factors of production

Answer 5

Land
Labor
Capital
Entepreneurship
Technology

Question 6

4 basic economic questions

Answer 6

What should be produced?
How much should be produced?
What methods should be used?
How should these goods and services be distributed?

Question 7

The Magna Carta

Answer 7

• an attempt to limit kings authority
  1. The right to trial by jury
  2. The right to due process of law
  3. No taxation without consent

Question 8

English common law

Answer 8

The practice of judges basing their decisions on previous cases.

• all men are equal under law
• life, liberty, and property cant be taken illegally

Question 9

Niccolo Machiavelli

Answer 9

Wrote the PRINCE

• discusses what it takes to make an effective govt
• successful govts are those in which the citizens feel a patriotic attachment to the govt
• govt acts in their own self Intrest

Question 10

Bishop Bossuet

Answer 10

Political Ideas Derived from the Very Words of Holt Scripture

• royal absolutism
• the king is gods representative on earth

Question 11

King James I

Answer 11

Free Law of Free Monarchy

• compares relationship of king and the people to a family
• the king doesn’t answer to the people but only God

Question 12

Jean Bodin

Answer 12

Six Books Of the Republic

• in every country there must be a supreme power
• the king must be constrained by natural law

Question 13

Legis Summi Imperi

Answer 13

“Salic Law”

- no women can rule

Question 14

English Petition of Rights

Answer 14

King could NOT

• levy taxes
• imprison someone w/o a specific charge and w/o provision for a jury trial
• quarter soldiers in private homes without the consent of the owners

Question 15

English civil war and commonwealth

Answer 15

1. Idea of absolute monarchy destroyed forever in England
2. The House of Commons becomes political power in England
3. Opposition to standing army

Question 16

Thomas Hobbs

Answer 16

Leviathan

- man without government - “state of nature” - chaos

Question 17

Act of Habeas Corpus

Answer 17

Illegal for someone to be arrested without a charge and making provisions for a jury trial

Question 18

English bill of rights

Answer 18

The king could not:

• Suspend law
• Levy taxes
• Raise an army without parliaments consent
• interfere in parliamentary elections

Question 19

The enlightenment

Answer 19

-Started in France

Stressed - science, reason, human nature, natural law

Question 20

Writers of the enlightenment

Answer 20

Philosophes

Question 21

Basis of the enlightenment

Answer 21

By observing human behavior, in history and in the present, one can discover te laws that govern human nature and these laws can be used to design a harmonious and orderly society

• freedom of thought and religion

Question 22

Enlightened despotism

Answer 22

• A ruler justified his authority on his usefulness to society
• the ruler is the nations servant

Question 23

John Locke

Answer 23

Two Treatisies of Government

• man is born with natural rights
  1. Life
  2. Liberty
  3. Property
• govt created to protect those rights
• if govt fails man has right to replace that govt

Question 24

Barron de Montesquieu

Answer 24

``` The Spirit of Laws - separation of powers - government should be divided into 3 groups 1 makes the laws 1 enforces it 1 enterprers it ```

Question 25

Voltaire

Answer 25

- Belived that rulers should use their authority to reform - firm believer in freedom of religion - freedom of thought and expression - used satire to get his message out in Candide

Question 26

Jean Jacques Rousseau

Answer 26

Social Contract | - the general will, if determined democratically, is more important than the will of any individual

Question 27

Marquis Cesare di Beccaria

Answer 27

An Essay on Crime and Punishment | - a system of laws that apply equally to all classes of men

Question 28

Physiocrats

Answer 28

People who wrote about economic issues during the enlightenment - land = source of wealth

Question 29

Francois Quesnay

Answer 29

The Economic Table | - supports the idea of laissez-faire

Question 30

Adam Smith

Answer 30

``` Wealth of nations - Wealth based on production - more production, more wealth - got should encourage people to produce as much as they can - first time capitalism is encouraged King= head of state Parliament= leg and exec - House of Commons - House of Lords ```

Question 31

Chair of commity of style

Answer 31

Goveneur Morris

Question 32

5 major objectives of Const. Convention

Answer 32

- Create a republic - Stronger central government - Written constitution - Govt that will protect property and human rights - Wanr to reform society

Question 33

3 areas of conflict at Const Convention

Answer 33

Economic- agricultural vs industrial How strong should nat'l govt be? Representation in congress: large states VS small states

Question 34

Virginia Plan

Answer 34

``` James Madison 3 branches of govt - legislative Bicameral Representation based on pop Lower house chosen by voters Upper house chosen by lower house Each rep has 1 vote - executive Chosen by congress - judicial Chosen by congress ```

Question 35

New Jersey Plan

Answer 35

``` William Patterson 3 branches of govt - legislative Unicameral Members chosen by voters Each state has 1 vote Increased powers of congress - executive Committe of 3 chosen by congress - judicial Chosen by congress ```

Question 36

Connecticut compromise

Answer 36

Roger Sherman - Lower House 1. House of rep 2. Membership based on population 3. Chosen by voters 4. Each memeber has 1 vote - Upper House 1. Senate 2. Each state has 2 members and 2 votes 3. Chosen by state legislature

Question 37

Electoral College

Answer 37

- The number of electors awarded to each state = members in congress - electors chosen by state legislature - each elector casts 2 votes - 1st is pres 2nd is Vice - if no one wins, the election goes to the house where each state has 1 vote