Chapter 2 & 3

Question 1

Define a variable, in a program.

Answer 1

It is a names item, such as x or numPeople, used to hold a value.

Question 2

Define an assignment statement.

Answer 2

This assigns a variable with a value, such as x=5. This means x is assigned with 5, and x keeps that value during subsequent statements, until x is assigned again. *The assignment’s left side must be a variable. The right side an expression.

Question 3

What is a variable declaration?

Answer 3

This declares a new variable, specifying the variable’s name and type.

Question 4

Define integer

Answer 4

This is a type of variable, that can hold whole number values, like 1, 999, 0, or -25 (not 3.5)

Question 5

What is an assignment statement?

Answer 5

This assigns the variable on the left-side of the ‘=’ with the current value of the right side expression. Ex: numApples = 8

Question 6

Define expression.

Answer 6

This may be a number like 80, a variable name like numApples, or a simple calculation like numApples + 1.

Question 7

Define identifiers, in programming.

Answer 7

This is a name created by a programmer for an item like a variable or function. *these are case sensitive, meaning upper and lower case letters differ.

Question 8

Define naming conventions.

Answer 8

A set of style guidelines defined by a company, team, teacher, etc. for naming variables.

Question 9

What are the two common conventions for distinguishing words in an identifier?

Answer 9

Camel case and underscore separated

Question 10

What is a literal, in arithmetic expressions?

Answer 10

It is a specific value in code, like 2.

Question 11

What is an operator?

Answer 11

It is a symbol that performs a built-in calculation, like ‘+’ which performs addition

Question 12

What is the division operator?

Answer 12

/

Question 13

What is a unary minus?

Answer 13

It is a minus used as a negative.

Question 14

What is incremental development?

Answer 14

It is the process of writing, compiling, and testing a small amount of code, then writing, compiling, and testing a small amount more, and so on.

Question 15

What is a floating-point number?

Answer 15

It is a real number like, 98.6, 0.0001, or -666.667. *This term refers to the decimal point being able to appear anywhere in the number “float”.

Question 16

What is the meaning of variable “float”?

Answer 16

This is a variable declared as type float, which stores a floating-point number.

Question 17

What is a floating-point literal?

Answer 17

This is a number with a fractional part, even if that fraction is 0, as in 1.0, 0.0, 99.573.

Question 18

What is a function?

Answer 18

This is a list of statements executed by invoking the function’s name, with such invoking known as a function call.

Question 19

What is “RandomNumber()”?

Answer 19

A function is built-in Coral function that takes two arguments, lowValue and highValue and returns a random integer in the range lowValue to highValue.

Question 20

Define “seed”.

Answer 20

For the first call to RandomNumber(), no previous random integer exists, so the function uses a built-in integer.

Question 21

What is a type conversion?

Answer 21

Is a conversion of one data type to another, such as an integer to a float.

Question 22

What is an implicit conversion?

Answer 22

Coral automatically performs several common conversions between integer and float types, and such automatic conversion.

Question 23

Define type cast

Answer 23

Converts a value of one type to another type.

Question 24

What is a modulo operator?

Answer 24

This operator evaluates to the remainder of the division of two integer operands. Ex: 23 % 10 is 3

Question 25

What is a character?

Answer 25

Is a single letter, like 'A', 'p', or '%'.

Question 26

What is string?

Answer 26

Is a sequence of characters, like "Hello" or "The forecast for today is sunny with highs of 75F."

Question 27

What is boolean?

Answer 27

Refers to a quantity that has only two possible values, true or false.

Question 28

What is an array?

Answer 28

This is an ordered list of items of a given data type, like an array of integers or an array of floats.

Question 29

Define a constant.

Answer 29

It is a named value item that holds a value that cannot change. Ex: pi, the speed of light, or kilograms per pound

Question 30

What is a branch?

Answer 30

It is a sequence of statements only executed under a certain condition.

Question 31

Define "decision".

Answer 31

This creates two branches: If the decision's expression is true, the first branch executes, else the second branch executes.

Question 32

Define "if-else" branches.

Answer 32

A decision and its two branches are often called __ branches, IF the decision's expression is true then the first branch executes, ELSE the second branch executes.

Question 33

Define "if" branch.

Answer 33

A decision whose false branch has no statements

Question 34

Define "if-elseif" branches.

Answer 34

A series of decisions appear cascaded in each decision's false branch, to detect specific values of a variable.

Question 35

Define equality operator.

Answer 35

== evaluates to true if the left and right sides are equal.

Question 36

Define "nested branches".

Answer 36

A branch's statements can include any valid statements, including another if-else branch.

Question 37

Define "multiple if" branches.

Answer 37

Each decision is independent, and thus more than one branch can execute, in contrast to the If-elseif arrangement where only one branch can execute.

Question 38

Different operand

Answer 38

!=

Question 39

What is a logical operator?

Answer 39

This treats operands as being true or false, and evaluates to true or false. Logical operators include and, or, not.

Question 40

Logical and

Answer 40

True when both operands are true

Question 41

Logical or

Answer 41

True when at lease one of the two operands is true

Question 42

Logical not

Answer 42

True when the one operand is false, and vice-versa

Question 43

Define "nested if-else statement/branches"

Answer 43

A branch's statements can include any valid statements, including another if-else statement.

Question 44

What are the valid equality and relational operators?

Answer 44

==, !=, <, <=, >, >=