Where are protons and neutrons?
In the nucleus.
Where are the electrons?
In the electron shell.
What is the atomic number determined by?
The number of protons.
True or false: protons determine nothing and electrons determine the mass.
False. Protons determine the identity of the substance. Electrons do determine the mass.
What is an isotope?
It is a substance with various neutrons. For example, carbon 12 is stable because it is 6+6. Carbon 13 is not stable because it is 6+7.
What is radioactive decay?
Unstable isotopes break into particles.
True or false: there are three types of chemical bonds.
True.
What is a covalent bond?
Two atoms share one or more pairs of electron.
What is an ionic bond?
They are formed between oppositely charged electrons
What is a hydrogen bond?
Polarity of water results in weak electrical attractions.
True or false. The life supporting properties of water are the ability to store heat and it is a good solvent.
True. Storing heat in the body prevents over heating and being a good solvent aids chemical reactions.
What is the difference between hydrophobic and hydrophilic molecules? List some examples.
Hydrophobic avoids water molecules and hydrophilic is attracted to water molecules. Hydrophobic= lipids, Hydrophilic= sugar
What does pH measure?
Concentration of hydrogen ions.
What is an acid’s number on the pH scale and why?
An acid is below a 7 because it adds hydrogen ions into a solution.
What is a base’s number on the pH scale and why?
A base is above a 7 because it removes hydrogen ions from a solution.
What is a buffer?
It releases or takes up hydrogen ions to maintain the pH.
What is a polar covalent bond?
Electrons are shared unequally in a covalent bond. This leads to each end having opposite charges.
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Chapter 18
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Chapter 217
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Chapter 322
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Chapter 423
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Chapter 517
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Chapter 67
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Chapter 78
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Chapter 824
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Chapter 918
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Chapter 1028
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Chapter 119
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Chapter 1221
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Chapter 1429
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Chapter 1511
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Chapter 1917
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Chapter 208
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Chapter 216
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Chapter 2210
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Chapter 2317
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Chapter 2414
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Chapter 2515
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Chapter 263
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Chapter 274
