What are ions?
Electrically charged particles formed when atoms lose or gain electrons
This results in an electronic structure similar to that of a noble gas.
Metal atoms lose electrons to become ________.
positively charged ions
Non-metal atoms gain electrons to become negatively charged ions.
The charge on an ion formed by a metal is equal to its ________.
group number
For non-metals, the charge is equal to the group number minus eight.
What is the charge and symbol for Sodium?
+1, Na+
Sodium is in Group 1.
What is the charge and symbol for Magnesium?
+2, Mg2+
Magnesium is in Group 2.
What is the charge and symbol for Aluminium?
+3, Al3+
Aluminium is in Group 3.
What is the charge and symbol for Oxygen?
-2, O2-
Oxygen is in Group 6.
What is the charge and symbol for Chlorine?
-1, Cl-
Chlorine is in Group 7.
True or false: Elements in Group 0 react with other elements to form ions.
FALSE
Elements in Group 0 do not form ions.
What does the atomic number represent?
Number of protons
It is also equal to the number of electrons in a neutral atom.
What is an ionic bond?
Strong electrostatic forces between oppositely charged ions
This bond forms due to the attraction between positive and negative ions.
What is meant by ionic lattice/structure?
Regular arrangement of alternating oppositely charged ions
This structure is characteristic of ionic compounds.
What are the properties of ionic compounds?
- High melting and boiling points
- Conduct electricity when molten or in solution
- Usually soluble in water
- Solid at room temperature
The strong electrostatic forces between ions require high energy to break.
What are cations?
Positively charged ions
Examples include Lithium (Li+), Sodium (Na+), and Potassium (K+).
What are anions?
Negatively charged ions
Examples include Chloride (Cl-), Bromide (Br-), and Hydroxide (OH-).
The formula for an ionic compound must contain the same number of positive and negative charges to be ________.
neutral overall
This ensures that the compound is stable.
What is the formula for Sodium Chloride?
NaCl
This is because it contains Na+ and Cl- ions, which balance each other.
What is the formula for Magnesium Oxide?
MgO
This is because it contains Mg2+ and O2- ions, which balance each other.
What is the formula for Aluminium Oxide?
Al2O3
This is because it contains two Al3+ ions and three O2- ions to balance the charges.
