1
Q
Single blind study
A
- Participants don’t know true purpose of study or which type of treatment they are receiving
2
Q
Double blind study
A
- Neither participants nor research know the exact treatment for any individual
3
Q
Random Sample
A
- Every individual of a population has an equal chance of being included - best reflected
4
Q
Generalizability
A
- Degree to which a set of rules can be applied to other situations, individuals or events
5
Q
Convince Sample
A
- Samples of individuals who are most readily avalaible
6
Q
Ecological Validity
A
- Results of lab study can be applied to or repeated in natural environment
7
Q
Basic Research
A
- Conducted to study theoretical questions w/o trying to solve a problem
- General ideas or concepts
8
Q
Applied Research
A
- Utilizes the principles + discoveries for psychology for practical purposes
- Finding solutions to real world problems
9
Q
Operational Definitions
A
- Statement that describe the procedures/operations and specific measures that are used to record observations
10
Q
Variables
A
- The object, concept or event being controlled, manipulated, or measured by a scientist
11
Q
Validity
A
- Extent to which a measure assesses what it claims to measure
12
Q
Reliability
A
- Consistency of measurement
- Test-retest: examines if scores on a behaviour are consistant
Alternate forms: examines if different forms of the same test produce the same results
Inter-rater: raters of a behvaiour or response arrive at a similar conclusion
13
Q
Social Desirability
A
- Participants may respond in ways that increase the chances they will be viewed favourably by others
14
Q
Hawthorn Effect
A
- Situations in which behaviour changes because of being observed
- May behave in anticipation of how others may respond
15
Q
5 Characteristics of Bad research
A
- Lack of falsifiable hypothesis
- Anecdotal evidence (an individuals story/testimony about an
observation/event used as evidence) - Biased selection of data (cannot solely use the data that supports their views)
- Appeal to authority (belief in an “experts” claim when no supporting data/evidence is clear)
- Appeal to common sense (claims it appears to be sound but lack scientific evidence)
16
Q
Unconscious mimicry
A
- Tendency for people to take on gestures, postures, or physical mannerisms of others in conversation
17
Q
Informed consent
A
- Participant must be informed and give consent to participate
- Must know the topic, tasks, duration, risks + potential stimuli involved
18
Q
Deception
A
- Misleading or only partially informing participants of the topic/hypothesis
19
Q
4 major research methods
A
- Descriptive research
- Experimental research
- Biological research
- Correlational research
20
Q
Descriptive research
A
- Naturalistic observation, surveys, case studies
- Observe, collect, and reward data
21
Q
Experimental research
A
- Manipulation + control of variables
- Identify cause-and-effect
22
Q
Biological research
A
- Studies brain + nervous system
- Identify causation, description + prediction
23
Q
Correlational research
A
- Statistical analysis of relationship between variables
- Identify relationships + how well one variable predicts another
24
Q
Objective measurments
A
- Measure of a behaviour that (within an allowed margin of error) is consistant
25
5 characteristics of quality scientific research
1. Based on measurments that are objective, valid and reliable
2. Generalizable
3. Reduced Bias
4. Can be made public
5. Can be replicated
