Chapter 2. Neuro Evaluation- positioning and handling

Question 1

What is Grade 0 and 4 of Ashworth Scale for Grading Spasticity?

Answer 1

0-no increase in tone

4-Affected part (s) rigid in flexion or extension

Question 2

What are 2 functional limitations

Answer 2

-dependant : mobility and ADL’s

Question 3

What are some CONGENITAL verses ADULT neuro conditions

Answer 3

• Congenital: Down syndrome, Autism, CP

- Adult: TBI, meningitis

Question 4

What is a good way to treat children with neuro conditions

Answer 4

-keep it fun, and for example use bouncing balls

Question 5

What are some challenges in working with adults with neurological conditions

Answer 5

Apraxia (motor planning problems)

Question 6

What are 4 ways to appropriately handle patients with neuro conditions

Answer 6

• increase/decrease tone
• calm or excite
• increase STABILITY
• increase STRENGTH

Question 7

What is tone (tension) regulated by

Answer 7

muscle spindles

Question 8

What is an example for Hypotonia and Hypertonia

Answer 8

Hypotonia-flaccid,ataxia

Hypertonia-clonus (bouncing-effect), rigidity

Question 9

How is normal tonecreated

Answer 9

input comes from muscle spindle to brain, and then back to muscles

Question 10

What is a stretch reflex

Answer 10

when muscle is stimulated, the muscle spindle is stimulated and then the muscle moves

Question 11

**What are the 2 biggest representation of the motor cortex

Answer 11

Hand and face

Question 12

What part of the brain does the ‘reflex’ bypass in order for it to be quick

Answer 12

Cerebral cortex

Question 13

What direction of impulses does the CORTICO SPINAL TRACT and SPINA THALAMIC goes

Answer 13

CORTICO SPINAL TRACT: descending: grey matter

SPINA THALAMIC: ascending (from to thalaus): white matter

Question 14

What are 3 diseases that will cause UMN (upper motor neuron) Syndrome/Lesion

Answer 14

• CVA
• CP
• Parkinson’s Disease

Question 15

What are often some UMN signs

Answer 15

-clonus or exagerated reflexes
Spasticity)
-babinski,
-loss of FMC (fine) motor

Question 16

What are 4 syndromes for LMN conditions

Answer 16

• polio (muscles shut off)
• trauma
• guillain-barre (knocks its own muscles ouw)
• tumors (will knock-out power)

Question 17

What are 5 fascilitation techniques

Answer 17

• contact over AGANIST muscle
• quick stretch to muscle
• distraction at the joint (pulling-apart)
• tapping or stoking involved muscle
• movement in functional patterns (DIAGONAL)

Question 18

What are 3 inhibition techniques

Answer 18

• contact over the ANTAGONIST muscle
• avoid contact on palm or sole of feet
• compression to the joint

Question 19

What are some Fascilitation vs. inhibition techniques

Answer 19

FASCILITATION; quick ice, loud encourag visual cues

INHIBITION; calm environment, calm voice, Rocking the body, slow movement through range

Question 20

Define PNF

Answer 20

Proprioceptive Neuromuscular fascilitation; stimulate the GMO

Question 21

Who developed the PNF

Answer 21

Knott, Kabatt and Voss

Question 22

What are (5) components of PNF

Answer 22

• manual contact (use flat hand)
• manual resistance
• body positioning and body mechanics
• quick stretch
• verbal input

Question 23

What grip is most often used by the TA in PNF stretching when handling patients

Answer 23

Lumbrical grip