Chapter 2- Population

Question 0

Overpopulation

Answer 0

The total number of people on Earth and the relationship between the number of people and the availability of resources.

Question 1

Demography

Answer 1

The scientific study of population characteristics.

Question 2

Ecumene

Answer 2

The portion of the Earth’s surface occupied by permanent human settlement.

Question 3

Arithmetic Density

Answer 3

The total number of people divided by total land area.

Question 4

Physiological Density

Answer 4

The number of people supported by a unit area of arable land.
•the higher the density the greater the pressure that people may place on the land to produce enough food.

Question 5

Agricultural Density

Answer 5

The ratio of the number of farmers to the amount of arable land.

Question 6

CBR

Answer 6

Crude Birth Rate

The total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in society.

Question 7

CDR

Answer 7

The total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in society.

Question 8

NIR

Answer 8

Natural Increase Rate
The percentage by which a population grows in a year.
•CBR-CDR

Question 9

Doubling Time

Answer 9

The number of years needed to double the population.

Question 10

TFR

Answer 10

Total Fertility Rate

The average number of children a woman will have throughout her child bearing years (about 15 through 49)

Question 11

IMR

Answer 11

Infant Mortality Rate
The annual number of deaths of infants under 1 year of age, compared with total live births.
•Usually expressed per 1,000 births

Question 12

Life Expectancy

Answer 12

The average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live at current mortality rates.

Question 13

Stage 1- Demographic transition model.

Answer 13

LOW GROWTH

• CBRs and CDRs varied from one year to the next.
• NIR of almost zero
• Hunting and gathering into the agricultural revolution- Pop. varied and was dependent on food available.

Question 14

Stage 2- Demographic Transition Model

Answer 14

HIGH GROWTH

• CDR plummets while the CBR remains about the same.
• Industrial revolution- New Medicines, wealth allowed for healthier communities, sewer systems, ect.

Question 15

Stage 3- Demographic Transition Model

Answer 15

MODERATE GROWTH

• CBR drops sharply while CDR declines at a slower rate.
• People decide to have less children- delayed reaction to PT 2
• Children have less a chance of dying- aren’t economic assets (in cities)

Question 16

Stage 4- Demographic Transition Model

Answer 16

LOW GROWTH

• CBR=CDR, NIR approaches 0
• Women enter the labor force more often.
• More entertainment available, smaller families.

Question 17

Dependency Ratio

Answer 17

The number of people who are too young or old to work.

-The greater the dependency ratio the greater the financial burden on those who are working to support others.

Question 18

Sex Ratio

Answer 18

The number of males per 100 females in the population.

Question 19

What the theory of Thomas Malthus?

Answer 19

Population is growing much more than Earth’s food supply because population increased geometrically, while food supply increased arithmetically.

Question 20

Defend Malthus’s theory and show the reasons for support by Neo-Malthusians by providing three statements.

Answer 20

1. Malthus failed to anticipate that relatively poor countries would the fastest population growth, seeing as only a few semi-wealthy countries in his time had entered stage 2 of the DTM. As an effect, the gap between population growth and resources is wider that Malthus thought.
2. Population growth outpaces economic development, so all economic growth is absorbed into accommodating the extra population.
3. A wide variety of resources are being used up by large population growth, and wars will increase because of desperate need for these resources.

Question 21

Give 4 statements which argue against Malthus’s theory.

Answer 21

1. Unrealistically pessimistic because his idea is based off the belief that the world’s supply of resources is fixed. Humans can increase the resource production by using new technology, and use more renewable resources.
2. Poverty and hunger and other social welfare problems are a result of unjust social institutions, not population growth. Resources shared equally.
3. Large population- great demand for goods- more jobs.
4. Population=power
   •more soldiers

Question 22

List ways to lower the CBR of a country. (2)

Answer 22

• increase economic development and health care
• distribute birth control
  EX: Dorito Bags

Question 23

Epidemiologic Transition Model and examples per stage:

Answer 23

A transition model focusing on distinctive causes of death in each stage.
Stage 1+2: Black plague and cholera
Stage 3+4: less infectious disease, more chronic aging problems i.e.. Cardiovascular diseases
Possible Stage 5: The return of infectious and parasitic diseases because of evolution and continued poverty.

Question 24

Pandemic

Answer 24

A disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the population.