Chapter 2 Review

Question 1

what are the 3 phases of cell division?

Answer 1

1. interphase
2. mitosis
3. cytokinesis

Question 2

during which stage of the cell cycle does replication of the DNA occur?

Answer 2

interphase

Question 3

list and briefly describe the phases of mitosis

Answer 3

1. prophase - pro means “before”. spindle fibres begin to form and nucleus membrane disappears. chromosomes become condensed and thick
2. metaphase - meta means “middle”. longest phase. chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell.
3. anaphase - ana means “behind”. 2 sister chromatids plat into “daughter chromasomes” and move to opposite ends of the cell
4. telophase - telo means “end”. nucleus membrane forms around daughter chromosomes. chromosomes become long, thin and invisible

Question 4

what is the difference between plant and animal cell division?

Answer 4

ANIMAL - cleavage furrow

PLANT - cell plate, has to break through cell wall

Question 5

why is mitosis important in eukaryotes?

Answer 5

mitosis serves three purposes in eukaryotic cells: reproduction in single cells, growth and repair

Question 6

how would the cell cycle of a cancer cell differ from that of a normal cell?

Answer 6

cancer cells multiply without any growth factors or growth-stimulating protein signals. ignores checkpoints. mutated genes

Question 7

what is the difference between chromosomes and chromatids?

Answer 7

CHROMOSOMES
- occurs throughout the cell's life cycle
- carries the genetic information
CHROMATIDS
- only occurs during mitosis
- allows the cell to duplicate

Question 8

treatments for cancer

Answer 8

chemotherapy
radiation
surgery

Question 9

screening

Answer 9

pap test - to check for cervical cancer

Question 10

what is benign tumour?

Answer 10

not cancerous
slow growing
does not spread
may interfere with body functions if too large

Question 11

what is malignant tumour?

Answer 11

cancerous
rapid growth
interferes with physiology of nearby cells

Question 12

what is metastatic tumour?

Answer 12

cancerous

primary tumour cells may break away and form secondary tumours somewhere else through the blood (metastasis)