What structures are radiolucent (black) on a radiograph?
- pulp
- PDL space
- periapical abscess
- bone marrow spaces
- bone loss and defects
What structures are radiopaque (white) on a radiograph?
- metals such as amalgam
- newer composites
- enamel
- dentin
- compact bone or cortical bone
bone is a thin shell
cortical bone in maxilla
bone is dense, appears as a thick white border
cortical bone in mandible
What is the normal level of the crest of the alveolar bone?
2 mm apical to the CEJ
TRUE or FALSE: It is difficult to detect bone loss on a radiograph is the bone loss is less than 3 mm
TRUE
Crestal contour is a good indicator of what?
periodontal health
The contour should be parallel to a line drawn between what?
CEJ of adjacent teeth
Surfaces of the bony crests are what?
smooth and covered with a thin layer of cortical bone. seen as a thin white line of radiograph
When the CEJs of adjacent teeth are of the same level, the crest of the inter proximal bone will have what?
horizontal contour
When one of the adjacent teeth is tilted or erupted to a different height, the crest of the inter proximal bone will have a what?
vertical contour
The crest of the interdental septa between posterior teeth should be what?
rounded or flat
The crest of the interdental septa between anterior teeth should be what?
thin and pointed
thin layer of dense bone that lines a normal tooth socket. It appears as a continuous white line around the tooth roots
lamina dura
functions as an attachment of the tooth to the lamina dura of the socket.
PDL
A widening of PDL space on a radiograph indicates what?
tooth mobility
What are the benefits of radiographs?
They illustrate:
- bony changes caused by disease
- tooth root morphology
- widening of the PDL space
- advanced furcation
- periodontal abscess
- local factors
What are radiographic signs of perio disease?
- early bone changes
- horizontal bone loss
- vertical bone loss
- bone defects
- furcation involvement
widening of the PDL space caused by bone resorption on either the mesial or the distal of the interdental crestal bone. Also called funneling.
triangulation
bone destruction parallel to a line between CEJs of adjacent teeth
horizontal bone loss
greater bone loss on the inter proximal aspect of one tooth than on the adjacent tooth
vertical bone loss
What risk factors are detectable on radiographs?
- calculus deposits
- faulty restorations
- trauma from occlusion
faulty restorations may cause what?
gingival inflammation, periodontitis, and alveolar bone resorption
provides a radiograph that is more anatomically accurate compared with other intraoral techniques such as bisecting angle
long cone paralleling technique
