Chapter 21

Question 1

what is the “order” in naming of living things

Answer 1

domain-> kingdom-> phyla-> class -> order-> family -> genus -> species

Question 2

what are monerans

Answer 2

• prokaryotes, single celled, lack nucleus and membrane bound organelles
• archaea and eubacteria

Question 3

describe bacteria

Answer 3

• single-celled prokaryotes, no nuclear membrane, recycles elemental chemicals
• can be cocci, bacilli, or spirilla

Question 4

what shape are cocci bacteria

Answer 4

round

Question 5

what shape are bacilli bacteria

Answer 5

rods

Question 6

what shape are spirilli bacteria

Answer 6

spirals

Question 7

describe cyanobacteria

Answer 7

• live in freshwater but also exist in marine environments
• have cell wall and photosynthetic pigments
• no flagella, no nuclei, no chloroplasts or mitochondria
• can withstand high temperatures

Question 8

describe archaea

Answer 8

• prokaryotes, have cell walls and flagella,

- can withstand high temperatures and low pH

Question 9

describe protozoa

Answer 9

single celled, heterotrophic

Question 10

describe algae

Answer 10

• photosynthetic organisms

- blue, green, red, and brown algae

Question 11

what kingdom are algae and protozoa a part of

Answer 11

protista

Question 12

what are characteristics of protists

Answer 12

eukaryotic, membrane bound nuclei and organelles, single celled

Question 13

what are slime molds

Answer 13

• also protists

- reproduce asexually by sporulation

Question 14

describe fungi

Answer 14

non-photosynthetic, cell walls made of chitin, eukaryotes, multicellular, heterotrophs,
-reproduce by asexual sporulation or intricate sexual processes

Question 15

describe plantae

Answer 15

nonmotile, photosynthetic, autotrophs, rhizoids project into soil to absorb water and minerals

Question 16

describe byrophytes and give an example

Answer 16

• simple plants with specialized organs and tissues, lack xylem, live in moist places
• gametophyte generation is dominant
• ex: mosses

Question 17

describe tracheophytes and give an example

Answer 17

contain xylem and phloem, anchored by deep roots can grow tall

• good at water conservation and gas exchange
• sporophyte generation is dominant

Question 18

what are pterophytes and give an example

Answer 18

• dont have seeds, grow from an underground stem and contain large leaves with many vascular bundles
• heart shaped leaves for gametophyte generation
• normal leaves for sporophyte generation
• contains xylem
• ex: fern

Question 19

describe lycophytes

Answer 19

have roots, are nonwoody and contain microphyll leaves

Question 20

describe angiosperms

Answer 20

contain greatest number of different plant species of all the extant plant divisions, most abundant of all plants, have flowers, anther of male stamen makes microspores and female pistil makes megaspores

Question 21

describe dicotyledons and give an example

Answer 21

angiosperms with net veined leaves and vascular bundles, contains 2 cotyledons

• can be woody, flowers in multiples of 4 or 5
• ex: apple trees, maple trees

Question 22

describe monocotyeldons and give an example

Answer 22

• angiosperms with leaves with parallel veins, scattered vascular bungles and seeds with single cotyledons
• nonwoody
• ex: wheat ,corn, pineapple

Question 23

describe gymnospersm

Answer 23

naked-seeded plants, gametophyte stage is short-lived and microscopic, terrestrial, sperm nuclei fertilize egg with pollen tube
-grow in diameter and length and are woody

Question 24

describe conifers and give example

Answer 24

largest of gymnosperms

-pines, firs, cones, spiral clusters of leaves

Question 25

what are the 3 other types of gymnosperms

Answer 25

- cycads - gnetophytes - ginkgo

Question 26

describe animalia

Answer 26

multicellular, motile, heterotrophic organisms

Question 27

give examples of porifera

Answer 27

seas sponges, sessile

Question 28

describe cnidaria and give example

Answer 28

- digestive sac sealed at one end, - 2 layers :endoderm and ectoderm - ex: jellyfish

Question 29

describe platyhelminthes and give example

Answer 29

- 3 layers of cells - bilaterally symmetrical, no circulatory system - ex: flatworms

Question 30

describe nematoda and give example

Answer 30

long digestive tract and anuses, mesoderm present, no circulatory system -ex: roundworms

Question 31

describe annelida and give example

Answer 31

- segmented worms with a coelom contained in mesoderm, have well defined systems ex: earthworms

Question 32

describe mollusca and give an example

Answer 32

- soft-bodied, calcareous exoskeletons, breathe by gills, chambered heart and blood sinuses - ex: clams and snails

Question 33

describe arthropoda and give an example

Answer 33

-jointed appendages, chitinous exoskeletons

Question 34

what are the 3 groups of athropods

Answer 34

insects, arachnids, and crustaceans

Question 35

describe insects

Answer 35

possess spiracles and tracheal tubes designed for breathing outside aquatic environment, 3 pairs of legs

Question 36

describe arachnids

Answer 36

4 pairs of legs

Question 37

describe crustaceans

Answer 37

segmented bodies with gills

Question 38

describe echinodermata and give an example

Answer 38

- spiny, radially symmetrical, can regenerate parts | - ex: starfish

Question 39

describe chordata

Answer 39

-stiff dorsal rod (notochord), paired gill slits and tail at some point in embryonic development

Question 40

describe vertebrata

Answer 40

amphibians, reptiles, birds, fish, mammals, have bony vertebrae to protect nerve cord

Question 41

describe agnatha and give example

Answer 41

jawless fish | ex: lamprey

Question 42

describe chondricnthyes and give example

Answer 42

- cartilaginous fish with jaws and teeth | - ex: shark

Question 43

describe amphibia

Answer 43

- larvae stages in water, adult stages in land - larvae have gills and a tail, adults have lungs, legs and no tail - 3 chambered heart - eggs laid in water

Question 44

describe reptilia

Answer 44

terrestrial, lay leathery eggs, use internal fertilization, cold blooded, 3 chambered heart

Question 45

describe aves

Answer 45

birds, 4 chambered heart, warm blooded

Question 46

describe mammalia

Answer 46

-warm blooded, feed offspring with milk

Question 47

what are the 3 types of mammalia

Answer 47

monotremata, marsupialia, placentalia

Question 48

describe monotremeta and give example

Answer 48

- lay leathery eggs, horny bills, produce milk but hav eno nipples - ex: platypus

Question 49

describe marsupialia and give example

Answer 49

- starts development in uterus and completes in adbominal pouch attached to nipples - ex: kangaroo

Question 50

describe placentalia

Answer 50

embyos develop fully in uterus

Question 51

why are virsuses not a kingdqon

Answer 51

because they cant live outside of a host