Chapter 22

Question 1

Who published “The Origin of Species by means of natural selection” in 1859

Answer 1

Charles Darwin

Question 2

On Darwin’s drip across the world on a ship he came his with two main ideas….

Answer 2

• decent with modifications

- natural selection

Question 3

What are the key observations of life?

Answer 3

• adaptations
• unity of life
• diversity of life

Question 4

• Greek philosopher that viewed species as diced and unchanging
• Scala nature AKA scale of nature

-the Old Testament holds that species were individually designed by God and therefore perfect

Answer 4

Aristotle

Question 5

• he interpreted organismal adaptations as evidence that the created had designed each species for a specific purpose
• founder of taxonomy
• did not imply evolutionary kinship

Answer 5

Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778)

Question 6

What is the system of naming species of living things?

Answer 6

Binomial Nomenclature

Question 7

• paleontology, French scientist

- advocated catastrophism (each strata layer came from a catastrophic event)

Answer 7

George Cuvier

Question 8

• geologist
• perceived that changes in Earth’s surface can result from slow continuous actions still operating today

***this view strongly influenced Darwin’s thinking

Answer 8

James Hutton, Charles Lyell

Question 9

What is larmarck’s hypothesis of evolution?

Answer 9

• use and disuse
• inheritance of acquired characteristics
• not supported by evidence

Question 10

What scientist has proposed that the geological processes of the past (e.g., rivers forming valleys over time) were still in operation?

Answer 10

Lyell

Question 11

• theology

- naturalist and companion to captain Robert FitzRoy for a 5-year around the world voyage on the HMS beagle

Answer 11

Charles Darwin

Question 12

On Darwin’s travels he collected ___________.

What did he observe?

Answer 12

South American plants and animals
They have to be week suited for their environment
*Darwin was influenced by Lyell’s principle of geology

Question 13

Who was working on the same thing at the same time independently of Darwin?

Answer 13

Alfred Russell Wallace (1858)

Question 14

Name of the essay Darwin wrote on the origin of species and NATURAL SELECTION (not evolution) but did not introduce his theory publicly, anticipating an uproar

Answer 14

The Origin of Species (1959)

Question 15

What are the three broad observations that resulted from decent with modification by natural selection?

Answer 15

• unity of life
• diversity of life
• the match between organisms and their environment

Question 16

What does the phylogenetic tree represent?

Answer 16

Organisms to common ancestors

-each beach is a different species

Question 17

Evolution can be described with Darwin’s phrase….

Answer 17

Decent with modification

Question 18

Does revolution take place in an individual?

Answer 18

NO!

Question 19

What are the four main points to Darwin’s theory of natural selection?

Answer 19

1. Members of a population often vary in their inherited traits
2. All species can produce more offspring than their environment can support, many of them fail to survive and reproduce
   3.