Chapter 23: Brain Development and Plasticity

Question 1

primitive brain

Answer 1

• after 3 weeks

Question 2

miniture person

Answer 2

• 7 weeks

Question 3

human-like brain

Answer 3

• 100 days

Question 4

gyri and sulci emergence

Answer 4

• 7 months

Question 5

stem cell use

Answer 5

• into early adulthood and again in aging brain

- in hippocampus and olfactory bulb

Question 6

potential cause of e.g. dyslexia and epilepsy

Answer 6

• premature stop in cell migration

- outer layer cells stay subcortical

Question 7

growth of neuron parts

Answer 7

• dendrites slow

- axons fast

Question 8

phase 3

Answer 8

• before birth to 2 years

- rapid synapse growth

Question 9

phase 4

Answer 9

• initial plateau

- rapid synapse elimination, 50%

Question 10

brain adolescence

Answer 10

• rapid pruning

- growing connections

Question 11

peak onset of mental disorders

Answer 11

• 14 years

Question 12

matters in development

Answer 12

• decline of grey beginning at 6 or 7

- increase in white until at least 30

Question 13

amblyopia

Answer 13

• visual impairment due to the brain

Question 14

Kennard principle

Answer 14

• effect of brain injury depends on affected behavior, extend, location and age

Question 15

critical age divions for brain damage

Answer 15

• before 1: greater impairments
• between 1 and 5 reorganization
• later than 5: no function spared

Question 16

four conclusions about early brain injury

Answer 16

• language survived LH injury
• due to RH language zone
• language shifts to other hemisphere
• early RH lesions are the same as in adulthood