1
Q
What are the functions of the lymphatic system
(4 functions)
A
- Return interstitial fluid back to the bloodstream
- Transport lipids and lipid-soluble vitamins into the bloodstream
- Production and maturation of lymphocytes
- Generate an immune response against antigens in the interstitial fluid
2
Q
What are the components of the Lymphatic System
(8 components)
A
- Lymph
- Lymphatic capillaries
- Lymphatic vessels
- Lymphatic trunks
- Lymphatic ducts
- Lymphatic cells
- Lymphatic nodules
- Lymphatic organs
3
Q
What is a lymph comprised of
A
- Interstitial fluid
- Solutes
- Foreign materials
4
Q
Life cycle & name changes of a lymph:
- ________ flowing in blood capillaries is pushed out of capillaries by blood pressure
A
Plasma
5
Q
Life cycle & name changes of a lymph:
- Once out of the capillaries, plasma becomes mixed with ________ _____ surrounding all of the cells
A
Interstitial fluid
6
Q
Life cycle & name changes of a lymph:
- When taken up by lymphatic capillaries it becomes _______ and it passes through lymphatic ‘vessels’ to ________ _____ where it is filtered and where immune cells detect _______.
A
lymph; lymph nodes; antigens
7
Q
Life cycle & name changes of a lymph:
- Lymphatic vessels merge to form ______ which fuse to become _____
A
trunks; ducts
8
Q
Life cycle & name changes of a lymph:
- Returned by one of two lymphatic ducts to the subclavian veins where it is again called _____.
A
plasma
9
Q
closed-ended tubes that are found interspersed among most blood capillary beds.
A
Lymphatic capillaries
10
Q
Resemble blood capillaries but they have overlapping endothelial cells that act as one-way valves allowing interstitial fluid a one-way entrance into this type of capillary:
A
Lymphatic capillaries
11
Q
Describe Lacteals
A
lymphatic capillary that collects interstitial fluid as well as lipids and lipid-soluble vitamins
12
Q
Where are lacteals found?
A
GI tract
13
Q
Lymph collected from GI system has a milky color due to the lipid absorption called _____
A
chyle
14
Q
Lymphatic capillaries merge to form _______ _______
A
lymphatic vessels
15
Q
How are lymphatic vessels similar to venules?
A
They have components of all three vascular tunics and possess valves similar to veins
16
Q
Describe afferent lymphatic vessels
A
Bring lymph to a lymph node
17
Q
Describe efferent lymphatic vessels
A
transport filtered lymph away from the lymph node
18
Q
Lymphatic vessels merge to form left and right ___________ __________
A
lymphatic trunks
19
Q
Three types of left and right trunks:
A
- Jugular trunks
- Subclavian trunks
- Bronchomediastinal trunks
20
Q
Which lymphatic trunk drains lymph from the head and neck?
A
Jugular trunks
21
Q
Which lymphatic trunk drains lymph from upper limbs
A
Subclavian trunks
22
Q
Which lymphatic trunk drains lymph from breasts?
A
subclavian trunks
23
Q
Which lymphatic trunk drains lymph from the superficial thoracic wall
A
subclavian trunks
24
Q
Which lymphatic trunk drains lymph from deep thoracic structures.
A
bronchomediastinal trunks
25
Which lymphatic trunk drains lymph from *_most abdominal structures_*
Intestinal trunks
26
Which lymphatic trunk drains lymph from *_lower limbs_*
Lumbar trunks
27
Which lymphatic trunk drains lymph from the *_abdominopelvic wall_*
Lumbar trunks
28
Which lymphatic trunk drains lymph from *_pelvic organs._*
Lumbar trunks
29
As lymphatic trunks fuse, they form ______ \_\_\_\_\_\_.
Lymphatic ducts
30
Which lymphatic vessel is located deep to the right clavicle and returns at the junction of the right subclavian and internal jugular veins. Then returns lymph from the right side of the head and neck, right upper limb and the right side of the thorax
right lymphatic duct
31
Largest lymphatic vessel
thoracic duct
32
duct that begins just inferior to the diaphragm as a rounded saclike structure called cisterna chyli
Thoracic duct
33
The thoracic ducts have a rounded sac-like structure just inferior to the diaphragm called the _____ \_\_\_\_\_.
cisterna chyli
34
The thoracic duct passes through the aortic opening of the diaphragm and returns into the junction between the left ______ and ______ \_\_\_\_\_\_ veins.
subclavian; internal jugular
35
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ _______ collects lymph from most of the body.
Thoracic duct
36
Oval clusters of lymphatic cells with some extracellular matrix but not surrounded by a connective tissue capsule
lymphatic nodules
37
The center of a nodule is called the ______ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_, which contains _____________ and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
germinal center; ß-lymphocytes; macrophages
38
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ are located outside the germinal center
T-lymphocytes
39
What do lymphatic nodules do?
filter and attack antigens
40
List the different forms of lymphatic nodules:
1. Lymphatic nodules
2. MALT (including Peyer patches)
3. Tonsils
41
Which lymphatic nodules are located in the mucosa (inner layer) of the gastrointestinal tract
MALT
42
Which lymphatic nodules are located in the mucosa (inner layer) of the respiratory tract
MALT
43
Which lymphatic nodules are located in the mucosa (inner layer) of the genital tracts
MALT
44
Which lymphatic nodules are located in the mucosa (inner layer) of the urinary tract
MALT
45
What does Mucosa-Associated Lymphatic Tissue (MALT) do?
monitors and responds to antigens that may enter via, food, air, or urine
46
MALT nodules very prominent in the ileum are referred to as ________ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Peyer patches
47
Where are tonsils located?
mainly in the Pharynx
48
Located in pharynx: Large clusters of lymphatic cells and extracellular matrix that do not have completed surrounding capsules are called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
tonsils
49
Tonsils outer edges are invaginated to form crypts, which allow for trapping of ________ to be presented to the lymphocytes.
antigens
50
What are the three types of tonsils:
1. Pharyngeal tonsils
2. Palatine tonsils
3. Lingual tonsils
51
These tonsils are located in the posterosuperior wall of the nasopharynx
Pharyngeal tonsils
52
These tonsils are located in the posterolateral wall of the oral cavity
Palatine tonsils
53
These tonsils are located along the posterior one-third of the tongue
lingual tonsils
54
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ _________ consists of lymphatic cells and extracellular matrix and is completely surrounded by a connective tissue capsule
Lymphatic organs
55
List the three main lymphatic organs:
1. Thymus
2. Lymph nodes
3. Spleen
56
Which lymphatic organ is a bilobed organ located superficial to the heart
Thymus
57
Which lymphatic organ consists of two fused thymic lobes, which are divided into lobules
Thymus
58
The thymus consists of two fused ______ \_\_\_\_\_ which are divided into \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
thymic lobes; lobules
59
In the Thymus, each lobule has an outer ______ and an inner \_\_\_\_\_\_
cortex; medulla
60
Which lymphatic organ continues to grow until puberty and then begins to regress in size and function and, in adults, becomes replaced mostly by adipose CT
Thymus
61
Which lymphatic organ is the site of T-lymphocyte differentiation and maturation
Thymus
62
Which lymphatic organ has a cortex that contains immature T-lymphocytes
Thymus
63
Which lymphatic organ has a medulla that contains mature T-lymphocytes
Thymus
64
At the Thymus, the cortex contains _______ T-lymphocytes, while the medulla contains ________ T-lymphocytes.
immature; mature
65
**True or False:**
At the Thymus, in adulthood T-lymphocytes can only be produced by cell division.
True
66
**True or False:**
At the Thymus, in adulthood T-lymphocytes can only be produced by maturation of new cells in the thymus
False
67
Which lymphatic organ are small, kidney-shaped organs that cluster around lymphatic vessels
Lymph nodes
68
There are (_hundreds/thousands/millions)_ of lymph nodes within the body
Hundreds
69
What three areas within the body will you find large concentrations of lymph nodes:
1. Neck
2. Armpit
3. Groin
70
What do lymph nodes do?
cleanse the lymph traveling within lymphatic vessels
71
A lymph node is surrounded by an outer capsule. Internally, the lymph node consists of an outer _______ and an inner \_\_\_\_\_\_.
cortex; medulla
72
In lymph nodes, the cortex contains many _______ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
lymphatic nodules
73
In lymph nodes, the medulla collects the ______ after it passes the cortex.
lymph
74
Which lymphatic organ initiates an immune response when antigens are found in the blood
Spleen
75
Which lymphatic organ serves as a reservoir for erythrocytes and platelets
spleen
76
Which lymphatic organ phagocytizes old, defective erythrocytes and platelets
Spleen
77
Which lymphatic organ phagocytizes bacteria and other foreign materials
spleen
78
Which lymphatic organ monitors blood for antigens
spleen
79
Which lymphatic organ is the largest lymphatic organ in the body, located just lateral to the left kidney
Spleen
80
Which lymphatic organ is surrounded by dense irregular CT, called capsule
Spleen
81
What is the inner layer of the spleen called
white pulp
82
What is the outer layer of the spleen called
red pulp
83
The inner layer of the spleen, white pulp, is associated with (_arterial/venous)_ supply.
arterial
84
The outer layer of the spleen, red pulp, is associated with (_arterial/venous_) supply.
venous
85
In the spleen the (_inner/outer)_ layer, the (_red/white)_ pulp is composed of clusters of T- and B- lymphocytes and macrophages
inner; white
86
In the spleen the (inner/outer) layer, the (red/white) pulp is composed of splenic cords & sinusoids, contains erythrocytes, platelets, macrophages, and some plasma cells
outer; red
87
Which lymphatic organ can blood cells easily enter and leave the blood stream because of the discontinuous basal lamina of the capillaries?
Spleen
ANATOMY LECTURE
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