Chapter 24: Memory Systems

Question 1

(): lifelong brain adaptation to
environment

Answer 1

Learning and memory

Question 2

Memories range from (1) to (2).

Answer 2

1. stated facts
2. ingrained motor patterns

Question 3

H.M. : Almost complete () amnesia following bilateral temporal lobectom

Answer 3

anterograde

Question 4

-Early damage in the hippocampal formation (especially entorhinal cortex).
-Old memories are intact, but encoding of new memories is difficult in the
early stage.

Answer 4

Alzheimer’s disease

Question 5

types of non-associative memory

1. () - Enhancement of an animal’s reflex responses as a result of the
   presentation of a strong or noxious stimulant.
2. () - Decrease in the strength of a behavioral response that occurs when an
   initially novel eliciting stimulus is repeatedly presented.

Answer 5

1. Sensitization
2. Habituation

Question 6

() refers to an increased sensitivity to certain stimuli due to prior experience. Because it is believed to occur outside of conscious awareness, it is different from memory that relies on the direct retrieval
of information.

Answer 6

Priming

Question 7

caudate nucleus + putamen = ()

Answer 7

striatum

Question 8

type of memory people usually refer to when they think of “memory”

Answer 8

declarative memory

Question 9

memory for skills, habits, and behaviors; involves learning a motor response in reaction to sensory input

Answer 9

procedural memory

Question 10

effect of basal ganglia lesion on human memory

() patients -> (major damage to striatum)
*stimulus-motor response
association impaired.

Answer 10

Huntington’s disease

Question 11

effect of basal ganglia lesion on human memory

() patients:
*cue-response association
impaired.
*declarative memory OK.

Answer 11

Parkinson’s disease

Question 12

Two Models of Memory Consolidation

• ():
  – Information from neocortex areas associated with sensory systems sent to medial temporal lobe for processing
  – Synaptic consolidation, systems consolidation

Answer 12

Standard model of memory consolidation

Question 13

Two Models of Memory Consolidation

• ():
  – Engrams involve neocortex, but even old memories
  also involve hippocampus.

Answer 13

Multiple trace model of consolidation

Question 13

states that the hippocampus is specialized for creating a spatial map of the environment

Answer 13

cognitive map theory

Question 14

location of a memory in the brain

Answer 14

engram or memory trace

Question 15

reactivation effect that makes a memory just as sensitive (to disruption) as when it just formed (i.e. consolidated)

Answer 15

reconsolidation

Question 16

active system for temporarily storing
and manipulating information needed in the execution of complex cognitive tasks (e.g., learning, reasoning, and comprehension).

Answer 16

working memory

more contemporary term for short-term memory

Question 17

large frontal lobe in primates;
Functions of (): self-awareness, capacity for planning and problem solving

Answer 17

prefrontal cortex