A client is diagnosed with hepatitis B. Which recommendation(s) will the nurse include when teaching the client about how to prevent the spread of viral infections? Pg 691
Wash hands frequently
Practice safe (Protected) sex
Cover all open sores
Avoid sharing sharp objects like razors and nail clippers.
Standard precautions apply to which items?
Blood
Body fluid secretions
Mucous membranes
Nonintact skin
What is the normal range of WBC?
5000-10,000 cells/mm3
Which client should the nurse determine is at greatest risk for vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) infection?
Client receiving chemotherapy
An electronic manometer
A digital device that measures pressure. Like blood pressure or assessing respiratory function.
Pros:
No stethoscope is required.
Cons:
calibration check and readjustment every six months.
More expensive than an aneroid manometer.
Aneroid manometer
A manual device, often part of blood pressure cuff.
Type of heat loss and causative factors
- Radiation
- Conduction
- Evaporation
4.Convection
- infrared heat waves
- the air itself
3.through sweating - exposure to a fan
Explanation:
Radiation is heat that is lost to infrared heat waves. It can be accelerated by exposing the skin to the heat waves or prevented by covering the skin. Conduction describes heat that is lost by transfering from one object to the next. For example, heat is lost from the skin to the air or to water. Evaporation consists of heat loss that occurs as water is transformed into a gas, such as with sweating. Convection facilitates heat loss via passing air, such as with a breeze or a fan.
Arterioveous shunts may remain open to facilitate the dissapation of heat from the body. A passing breeze facilitates heat loss via convection. In response to the body’s temperature the sympathetic nervous system controls the opening and closing of arteriovenous shunts. Shivering is one mechanism for the body to retain heat. Heat can be lost through uncovered body surfaces by the physical process of radiation. Water in the form of a tepid bath or swimming is one way heat loss can occur through conduction. Insensible loss of body fluids is a form of evaporation that takes place on the skin. “Goose bumps” or piloerection is a natural response of the body to retain heat by reducting the surface area of the skin.
Blood Pressure Cuff
Inflating the cuff to 30 mm Hg above reading where brachial pulse disappeared ensures accurate assessment of systolic blood pressure
Thready pulse
Pulse is felt with difficulty and disappears with slight pressure.
Apical Pulse
at the fifth intercostal space at the left midclavicular line in adults
This is approximately below the left nipple
is assessed when a client is being given medications that alter heart rate and rhythm.
