Chapter 25

Question 1

Satellite State

Answer 1

• independent nation under the control of amore powerful nation
  
  • Create a buffer between the West and Soviet Union
  • Ex: Poland, Hungary. Romania, Bulgaria (Under control of Soviet Union)

Question 2

Cold War

Answer 2

• Rivalry between Soviet Union and USA
  
  • 1945-1990
  • Berlin wall comes down and Soviet Union breaks up

Question 3

Iron Curtain

Answer 3

-term coined by Winston Churchill to describethe border between the Soviet satellite states andWestern Europe

Question 4

Truman Doctrine

Answer 4

• President Truman’s promise to helpnations struggling against communist movements
  
  • Given to Turkey and Greece (give money)
    
    • Ensures they want become communist states

Question 5

George F Kennan

Answer 5

• Expert on Foreign policy
  
  • Don’t defeat communism, contain it (containment)
    
    • Provide economic aid
    • Military aid

Question 6

Containment

Answer 6

• policy of keeping communism contained withinits existing borders
  
  • Done w/ military and economic aid
  • Created by George F Kennan

Question 7

Marshall Plan

Answer 7

• foreign policy that offered economic aid toWestern European countries after World War II
  
  • Created by George Marshall
  • Done by USA (gifts)
  • Countries use the money to build their countries & embrace capitalism
    
    • Use American goods (reinvest into American economy)

Question 8

Berlin Airlift

Answer 8

• program in which U.S. and British pilots flewsupplies to West Berlin during a Soviet blockade
  
  • Russians cut off all access to West Berlin
  • USA flies supplies in (every 5 minutes) for a year
  • USA doesn’t let

Question 9

NATO

Answer 9

• North Atlantic Treaty Organization
  
  • militaryalliance formed to counter Soviet expansion
  • Created to stop communism

Question 10

Warsaw Pact

Answer 10

-military alliance of the Soviet Union and itssatellite states

Question 11

Mao Zedong

Answer 11

• Communist leader who opposes Jiang
  - Fights in a civil war w/ him
  
  • Supported by the Soviet Union
  • At one point was in an alliance w/ Jiang
  • Won the battle between him and Jiang

Question 12

Jiang Jieshi

Answer 12

• Nationalist leader in China, USA alley
  
  • Bring his people to Taiwan
  • Supported by USA
  • Lost the battle between him and Mao

Question 13

38th Parallel

Answer 13

• North Korea invades South Korea

- Border between North and South Korea

Question 14

Douglas MacArthur

Answer 14

• Leads the troops in Korea
  
  • WWII Hero
  • Wanted to drive invaders out of South Korea
  • Led a surprise attack on the port of Inchon (North Korea did not suspect it)
  • Wants to win the Korea war, but this could lead to WWIII
  • Fired by Truman

Question 15

Limited War

Answer 15

• Fought in Korea
  
  • war fought to achieve only specific goals
  • MacArthur wanted total victory

Question 16

SEATO

Answer 16

• Southeast Asia Treaty Organization
• Created in Asia
  
  • defensivealliance aimed at preventing communist aggressionin Asia

Question 17

Arms Race

Answer 17

• contest in which nations compete to build morepowerful weapons
  
  • During Cold War

Question 18

Mutually Assured Destruction

Answer 18

• MAD
  
  • If one group uses bombs, the other group can too
  • policy in which theUnited States and the Soviet Union hoped to deternuclear war by building up enough weapons to destroyone another

Question 19

John Foster Dulles

Answer 19

• Secretary of State for Eisenhower
  
  • Author of Massive Retaliation
  • Endorsed the President’s idea of what role USA should play in the world

Question 20

Massive Retaliation

Answer 20

• policy of threatening to use massiveforce in response to aggression
  
  • Downside: Have to follow through with the threat

Question 21

Brinkmanship

Answer 21

-belief that only by going to the brink of warcould the United States protect itself against communistaggression

Question 22

Nikita Khrushchev

Answer 22

• Dictator of Soviet Russia after Stalin

- Takes control of Soviet Russia until 1970s

Question 23

Nationalize

Answer 23

• to place a resource under government control

- Example: Suez Canal Crisis w/ Egypt

Question 24

Suez Crisis

Answer 24

• attempt by France and Great Britain to seizecontrol of the Suez Canal in 1956
  
  • Egypt nationalized the Suez Canal
  • Originally used by France & Britain
  • Treated the flow of Middle Eastern oil in Europe

Question 25

Eisenhower Doctrine

Answer 25

- policy of President Eisenhower that stated that the United States would use force to help any nation threatened by communism - Middle East (Oil)

Question 26

CIA

Answer 26

- Central Intelligence Agency - U.S. intelligence gathering organization - Created to fight communism - Given tasks by Eisenhower to protect American interests

Question 27

NASA

Answer 27

- National Aeronautics and Space Administration - government agency that coordinates U.S. efforts in space - Created to compete with Russia - Released the first satellite into space (Sputnik 1)

Question 28

Red Scare

Answer 28

- Paranoia of Communism spreading to the USA - fear that communists were working to destroy the American way of life - Led the Smith Act

Question 29

HUAC

Answer 29

- House Un-American Activities Committee - congressional committee that investigated possible subversive activities within the United States - Builded against communism - Used to figure out communist spies

Question 30

Hollywood Ten

Answer 30

- Politicians attacked people in Hollywood who were communists - Led to many people committing suicide - group of movie writers, directors, and producers who refused to answer HUAC questions about communist ties

Question 31

Blacklist

Answer 31

- People accused of being a communist by Politicians - list of persons who were not hired because of suspected communist ties - Ex: Film makers

Question 32

Alger Hiss

Answer 32

- Accused of being a communist/spy - Member of the state department - Lied during trial and was fired - Nixon was involved, and eventually became president

Question 33

Julius & Ethel Rosenberg

Answer 33

- Worked in a building that did research on Nuclear Bombs - Gave information to the Soviet Union about the bomb - Janitors, not physicists - Jews w/ Children - Put on trial, sentenced to death (electric chair, treason)

Question 34

Joseph R McCarthy

Answer 34

- Accused everyone of being communists (army) - Wanted to be put in the public eye - Senator from Wisconsin - Events were used to create the story the Crucible

Question 35

McCarthyism

Answer 35

- Anti-Communist idea - Created by Joseph R McCarthy - negative catchword for extreme, reckless charges of disloyalty

Question 36

Smith Act

Answer 36

- Made it illegal to promote the over-throw of the USA government (aimed towards communists in USA) - People were arrested, tried, and jailed - Created because of the red scare