Who led the 1895 Cuban revolt against Spanish rule?
José Martí
What war resulted from U.S. involvement in Cuba?
The Spanish-American War (1898)
What was the result of the Spanish-American War for Cuba?
Cuba became a U.S. protectorate
What island was annexed to the U.S. after the Spanish-American War?
Puerto Rico
Which U.S. president supported Panama’s rebellion against Colombia?
Theodore Roosevelt
What major construction project began after the creation of Panama?
The Panama Canal
When did the Panama Canal open?
1914
What does the Panama Canal connect?
The Atlantic and Pacific Oceans
What was the Roosevelt Corollary?
A statement claiming the U.S. could intervene in Latin American nations guilty of “chronic misconduct”
What doctrine did the Roosevelt Corollary expand upon?
The Monroe Doctrine
What was “Dollar Diplomacy”?
U.S. policy of extending influence by investing in Latin American development
By the early 1900s, how much did direct U.S. investments in Latin America total?
$3.5 billion
What was one negative result of U.S. military involvement in Latin America?
Growing resentment of the U.S. as the “big bully” to the north
In what countries were U.S. Marines stationed for years?
Haiti (1915–1934) and Nicaragua (1912–1933)
Who ruled Mexico between 1877 and 1911?
Porfirio Díaz
What type of government did Díaz create?
A conservative, centralized government
Who supported Díaz’s rule?
The army, foreign capitalists, large landowners, and the Catholic Church
Who forced Díaz from power in 1911?
Francisco Madero
What revolutionary leader inspired landless peasants to seize estates?
Emiliano Zapata
What was Zapata’s main goal?
Agrarian (land) reform
What years did the Mexican Revolution last?
1910 to 1920
What year was Mexico’s new constitution enacted?
1917
What did the 1917 Mexican Constitution establish for workers?
The right to form unions, a minimum wage, and limited working hours
What limits did the 1917 Constitution place on foreign investors?
It restricted foreign ownership and influence
